Transcript What Works 2009: - The National Campaign

American Indian/
Alaska Native youth
and Teen Pregnancy
Prevention
Presenter Name:
This Presentation Will Cover:
• A tiny bit about the National Campaign
• Teen Pregnancy and Birth Data
• Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Use
• Helping Native Teens Prevent Pregnancy
• Programs for Native Youth
The Campaign’s Mission and Goal
improve the lives and
future prospects of children and
families and, in particular, to help ensure that children
• Our mission is to is to
are born into stable, two-parent families who are committed
to and ready for the demanding task of raising the next
generation
Our Strategy
Research
Influence cultural
values and messages
Unusual
Partners
Teen and Young
Adult Voices
Tolerance &
Bipartisanship
Strengthen
state & local programs
• Cooperative Agreement funded by the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Goal: Enhance the ability of state and local
organizations to incorporate science-based
approaches into their teen pregnancy prevention
efforts
An Overview of
American Indian/
Alaska Native
(AI/AN) Teens
AI/AN Teens
• Approximately 2% of all teens in the United
States are of American Indian or Alaska
Native descent
• More than half of the Native population lives
in eleven states primarily in the West and
Northwest
AI/AN Teens
• In 2000:
– 34% lived on reservations, or in other Census defined
tribal areas
– 64% lived outside these tribal areas
• Most Indian Health Services (IHS) funds hospitals
and clinics located primarily on tribal lands in rural
areas
– Many Native people living in suburban and urban areas
have limited access to IHS services
AI/AN Teens
• We have limited information about AI/AN
health, especially for the majority of the
population living off of Indian lands
– Including knowledge about Native teen
pregnancy, and other adolescent reproductive
health issues
An Overview of
National Data on
AI/AN Teens
Urbanicity of Native Youth Compared to
All Other Youth, Add Health Survey
100.0%
15.2%
80.0%
60.0%
42.2%
39.7%
Rural
57.9%
40.0%
20.0%
44.7%
26.9%
Suburban
38.4%
33.3%
43.5%
19.4%
22.0%
16.8%
Native Teen
Boys
Native Teen
Girls
0.0%
All Other Youth Native Youth
Urban
Family Structure
Approximately
half of all Native
youth live with
both of their
biological
parents and 22%
live with one
biological
parent and a
step parent
Family Income/Health Care Access
• One in five Native teens lives below the
federal poverty level
• Native youth are significantly more likely
than all other youth in the sample to report
that they did not receive medical care that
they needed (27% vs. 19%)
Teen Birth Rate (Age 15-19), 1990-2007
120
Total
100
Non-Hispanic White
80
Black
60
American Indian/Alaska
Native
40
Asian/Pacific Islander
20
Hispanic
0
1990 1992 1994 1996
1998 2000 2002 2004
2006
Teen Birth Rates
• Native teen birth rates vary substantially
from state to state:
– Lowest: 16 per 1,000 in New Jersey
– Highest: 122 per 1,000 in Nebraska
• In 2006, 90% of births to Native teens aged
15-19 were to unmarried teen moms
Sexual Activity
and Contraceptive
Use
Sexual Activity and Contraception
Sources:
•Youth Risk Behavior
Survey—Bureau of
Indian Affairs Schools
•National Longitudinal
Survey of Adolescent
Health
•Youth Risk Behavioral
Survey—Navajo Nation
Youth Risk Behavior Survey—Bureau
of Indian Affairs Schools
• In 2001:
– 52% of Native teen girls in BIA-funded high
schools reported having had sex compared to
43% of all teen girls in high school
– 66% of Native teen boys in BIA-funded high
schools reported having had sex compared to
49% of all teen boys in high school
Youth Risk Behavior Survey—Bureau
of Indian Affairs Schools
• Condom use at last sex is lower
among teen girls in BIA-funded
high schools than among the
total student population (45 %
vs. 51%)
• Among teen boys, however,
condom use at last sex is equally
likely among students in BIAfunded high schools and boys in
high school more generally
(65% vs. 65%)
Youth Risk Behavior Survey—Bureau
of Indian Affairs Schools
More than one-third
(39%) of high school
students in BIA-funded
schools report using
alcohol or drugs before
their last sexual
experience compared to
approximately onequarter of high school
students overall (26%)
National Longitudinal Survey of
Adolescent Health
Native youth are
significantly more
likely than all other
youth in the sample to
report having had sex
before age 16 (44% vs.
34% respectively)
National Longitudinal Survey of
Adolescent Health
59% of Native young
adults report using a
method of
contraception the last
time they had sex
compared to 69% of
other young adults in
the survey
Youth Risk Behavioral Survey—
Navajo Nation
• Compared to national measures of sexual
activity from the 2005 YRBS, Navajo youth
are less likely to have had sex
•37% of Navajo youth
vs. 47% of all high
school students
Youth Risk Behavioral Survey—
Navajo Nation
• Between 1997 and 2005, condom use among
all Navajo students increased from 54% to
65%
• In 2005, 6% of Navajo high school students
reported using birth control pills compared
to 18% of high school students overall
Helping Native
Teens Prevent
Pregnancy
Helping Native Teens Prevent Pregnancy
• Native Teen Voices (NTV)
– Study done in Minnesota
– Conducted 20 focus groups (148 Native male and
female adolescents who had never been involved
in a pregnancy)
– Asked for their recommendations on how best to
prevent teen pregnancy in the Native
community
These themes include the need to:
1. Show Native youth the reality and
consequences of adolescent pregnancy;
…Themes…
2. Enhance and develop
culturally relevant schooland community-based
pregnancy prevention
programs for Native youth
through the implementation
of Native-led pregnancy
prevention discussions
(relying on family members
and elders) and culturally
based activities and programs
(e.g. include Native
ceremonies and other
cultural practices);
…Themes
3. Improve Native adolescents’
access to contraceptives;
4. Discuss adolescent pregnancy
with Native youth allowing
them the opportunity to talk to
Native peers, facilitators or other
trusted adults about the issue;
5. Use key prevention messages
and media which includes
representations of AI/AN youth
to reach Native youth
Programs for Native
Youth
Programs for Native Youth: Live It!
• Live It! is a sexuality education and teen
pregnancy prevention program
• Two versions of curricula are available:
– one for teens (age 12-18)
– one for parents, guardians, and other adults who
work with teens
Programs for Native Youth: Live It!
• 10 total lessons covering:
•
•
•
•
•
Puberty,
Healthy relationships,
Decision-making,
Communication skills, and
Reconnecting youth with Native culture
• Many different tribes can use the program with
their youth
• For more information about this program contact
the Live It! coordinator at 612-722-8722
Programs for Native Youth: American
Indian Youth Challenge Program
• Program provided by California
Rural Indian Health Board
(CRIHB)
• Has a strong community focus
• Is implemented in three sites in
four counties:
– Humboldt,
– Del Norte,
– Shasta, and
– Los Angeles
Programs for Native Youth: American
Indian Youth Challenge Program
• Youth participants receive instruction in the areas of:
• birth control options,
• STD/HIV prevention,
• healthy relationships,
• communication skills and
• delaying tactics
• More information about the program is available at:
http://www.crihb.org/health-resources/teen-pregnancyprevention.html
What it All Means
Native youth
experience
disproportionately
higher teen birth
rates compared to
teens in other
racial/ethnic groups
What it All Means
• More resources are need both to develop
culturally appropriate programs and to
evaluate the programs that currently exist
• It is critical to focus on this important
population of teens, and gain a better
understanding of the attitudes and behaviors
of Native teens to help reduce high rates of
teen pregnancy and birth
Thank-you!
For more information Visit our websites:
www.TheNationalCampaign.org
www.sexyreally.com
www.stayteen.org
Check out our blog:
http://blog.thenationalcampaign.org/pregnant_pause/
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