Transcript Final Review
Biology Final Review Part A
Which part of the scientific method?
• “If the height of the Fast Plant is related to the amount of fertilizer, then the more fertilizer, the taller the plant will grow.” • A. observation • B. inference • C. hypothesis • D. conclusion • ANSWER: hypothesis
What inference can be made?
• • • •
A. Temperature is unrelated to number of organisms B. As the temperature increases, so does the number of organisms C. As the temperature increases, the number of organisms decreases ANSWER: B
What is the sugar pill group’s purpose?
•
Group A is given a pill to test
•
Group B is given a sugar pill
• A. experimental group • B. control group • C. taste test • D. limiting factor • ANSWER: B
Handout • Bacteria Identification: Bacteria Shapes Let’s say you go to the doctor to see if you have Strep Throat. How do they determine that?
NOTE SHAPES AND CLUSTERS
How to Identify bacteria • Endospore Forming
Note capsule and flagella
Glucose Fermentation • None Fermentation Ferm. + gas • Differential Media - Detection of Acid from Glucose, Page 2 (more test results)
Bacterial Identification - The API 20E System (Link)
Note shapes, clusters, color • Stapylococcus Gram positive • Staphylobacillus Gram negative
What is the measurement?
•
A. 8 mL
•
B. 7 mL
•
C. 6 mL
meniscus •
D. 6.3 mL
•
E. 6.6 mL
•
ANSWER: E
Using a compound light microscope, which is 40 X, which is 400X?
• A B • ANSWER: • 400X 40X
Where are these parts?
• Revolving nose piece • Coarse adjustment • Fine Adjustment • Stage • Base • Arm • Diaphragm • Condenser • Objectives
To first find an object use on a microscope: A B C D
What structure is used to fine focus an object?
A B C D
When should you wear goggles?
• A. Only if you do not have corrective lenses.
• B. all times when instructed by the instructor • C. to improve your vision • D. avoid eye strain • ANSWER: B
Who should clean up the lab table and put away the supplies?
• A. Teacher • B. Students entering the lab.
• C. Students leaving the lab.
• D. Custodian • ANSWER: Students leaving the lab
Process of substances moving from a region of HIGH to LOW concentrations is called: • A. phagocytosis • B. osmosis • C. active transport • D. diffusion • ANSWER: diffusion osmosis is hi to low of water through a selectively perm. memb
What is the basic structural and functional unit of living things?
• A. atom • B. molecule • C. cell • D. organism • ANSWER: cell
What movement goes through a membrane low to high concentration and requires energy?
• A. Passive Transport • B. Active Transport • C. Facilitate Transport • D. Endocytosis •
ANSWER: B
If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be: • A. eukaryotic • B. prokaryotic • C. an animal • D. a plant • ANSWER: A
How long is each cell?
• A. 2 mm • B. 1 mm • C. 0.5 mm • D. 0.25 mm • ANSWER: C • Field diam. Divided by how many cells fit across
How long is each cell?
0.5 mm = ?
• A. 5000 µm • B. 500 µm • C. 50 µm • D. 5 µm • ANSWER: B • Multiply mm by 1000 for µm
•
POLYMER
• Carbohydrates (1:2 C:H) – starch in plants – Glycogen in animals •
MONOMER
• Monosaccharide • Lipids • 3 Fatty acids and glycerol • Protein • Nucleic Acids • Amino acids (NH phosphate, base) 2 ) • Nucleotides (sugar,
What are two necessary elements for organic compounds?
• A. carbon and nitrogen • B. carbon and oxygen • C. carbon and hydrogen
ANSWER: C and H
Which are characteristics of plant cells?
• A. Have chloroplasts • B. Undergo cellular respiration • C. Go through mitosis and meiosis • D. Have centrioles • E. Have cell walls • F. photosynthesize ANSWER: All except D
Which are characteristics of animal cells?
• A. Have chloroplasts • B. Undergo cellular respiration • C. Go through mitosis and meiosis • D. Have centrioles • E. Have cell walls • F. photosynthesize ANSWER: B,C, D
Osmosis in Plant Cells • Water moves from hypo to hypertonic
High salt on outside equal in and out Low salt on outside
If a plant wilts, which organelle will most be affected?
• A. nucleus • B. large central vacuole • C. lysosomes • D. chloroplasts • ANSWER: B
What was done to slide B of human cheek cells?
• A • B • Not stained stained
If a cell was placed in distilled water for 15 minutes, what would happen?
• • A. Cell would swell and burst • B. Cell would shrink • C. Cell would not change • HINT: water moves from hypo to hypertonic ANSWER: A
Identify the site of: • A. where proteins are repackaged • B. cellular respiration • C. protein synthesis
Identify the site of: • A. where proteins are repackaged Golgi • B. cellular respiration mitochondrion • C. protein synthesis ribosome
Where is the site of: • A. microtubules used in cell division in animal cells only • B. Rough ER 11
Where is the site of: • A. microtubules used in cell division in animal cells only (11) • B. Rough ER (6) 11
In eukaryotic cells, asexual cell division is called: • A. mitosis • B. meiosis • C. centrosome • D. cytokinesis • ANSWER: “A” Mitosis makes somatic (body) cells and meiosis makes sex cells
What are the numbers?
• • • • •
DIPLOID(2n) 50 18 46 Which are human somatic cells?
• • • •
HAPLOID (n) 25 9 23
• •
46 (somatic or body) –diploid (mitosis) 23 (sex)-haploid (meiosis)
Put the phases of mitosis in order: • Metaphase telophase anaphase prophase •
ANSWER: PMAT
In which phase is DNA replicated?
G1 (gap 1) G2 (gap 1) S (synthesis) M (mitosis)
ANSWER: S
Which of the following is not true of a
gamete?
• A. female is an egg • B. male is sperm • C. produced by mitosis • D. can fuse with one another to form a zygote • ANSWER: C
What is the normal number of chromosomes in a normal body human cell?
• 92 • 46 • 23 • 21 •
ANSWER: 46
What process is shown?
• A. mutation • B. nondisjunction • C. independent assortment • D. crossing over • ANSWER: D
Identify if a property of (
P
) photosynthesis or of (
CR
) cellular respiration: • Gives off oxygen • Gives off carbon dioxide • Uses sunlight • Makes ATP • Makes glucose
Identify if a property of (
P
) photosynthesis or of (
CR
) cellular respiration: • Gives off oxygen P • Gives off carbon dioxide CR • Uses sunlight P • Makes ATP CR • Makes glucose P • Uses oxygen to burn glucose CR
In what organelle do these processes happen?
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS • ANSWER: chloroplast • CELLULAR RESPIRATION • ANSWER: mitochondrion
The most ATP is made in what process?
• A. Glycolysis -anaerobic • B. Kreb’s cycle -aerobic • C. ETC and chemiosmosis -aerobic • D. Lactic Acid Fermentation -anaerobic
The most ATP is made in what process?
• A. Glycolysis (2) -anaerobic • B. Kreb’s cycle (2)-aerobic • C. ETC and chemiosmosis (34)-aerobic • D. Lactic Acid Fermentation (2)-anaerobic • ANSWER: C
What is the name of the pigment that captures the most sunlight?
• A. carotenoids • B. chlorophyll • C. Xanthophylls • D. melanin • ANSWER: B
Fermentation is not as effective as cellular respiration because: • A. it uses more ATP than it produces • B. it does not use all the water supplied to it • C. it loses electrons to the cell during its reactions • D. it does not completely break down glucose • ANSWER: D
What is the source of nearly all the
oxygen
in the world?
• A. decayed matter • B. splitting of water • C. splitting of carbon dioxide • D. breaking down of glucose • ANSWER: B
Plants store their extra glucose in a large carbohydrate polymer called: • A. proteins • B. fat or lipid • C. glycerol • D. starch • ANSWER: D
The greenhouse effect is: • • • • • •
A. decreased by photosynthesis (takes out CO 2 ) B. increased by photosynthesis C. decreased by burning fossil fuels D. increased by burning fossil fuels (puts in CO 2 ) Greenhouse Effect - animated diagram (link) Photosynthesis diagram (link)
•
ANSWER: both A and D
Autotrophs that utilize light as their energy source are: • A. chemosynthetic • B. photosynthetic • C. carnivores • D. herbivores • ANSWER: B
Where is the energy released from in ATP?
• A. Between the last two phosphates • B. Between the adenine and a phosphate • C. Between the adenine and the ribose • D. Between the ribose and a phosphate • ANSWER: A
An organic compound that has a ratio of 2:1 of H:O is a(n): • A. carbohydrate • B. lipid • C. protein • D. nucleic acid • ANSWER: A. carbohydrate
A protein that ends in –”ase” that speeds up organic chemical reactions is: • A. lipids • B. organics • C. carriers • D. enzymes • ANSWER: D
What is (are) the reactant (s)?
• CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 • •
ANSWER: CO 2 and H 2 O Products are on the right
•You are fools for not paying attention.
How many protons are in Na?
23 Na 11 P + n (subtract 23-11 for n) P (same as e-)
• •
ANSWER: 11 protons 12 neutrons 11 electrons
Catalyst proteins that controls chemical reactions are called: • A. enzymes • B. carbohydrates • C. ATP • D. nucleic acids • ANSWER: enzymes
RNA and DNA are: • A. carbohydrates • B. nucleic acids • C. lipids • D. proteins • ANSWER: B
Lipids are combinations of: • A. amino acids • B. ribose + phosphates • C. fatty acids + glycerol • D. monosaccharides •
ANSWER: C
What is the function of each?
• Carbohydrate • Protein • Nucleic acid • Lipid • • • •
Energy for cells Skin, muscles, etc.
Genetic info Energy storage and cell membranes
Underline Which is Correct • • • •
T = dominant or recessive And t = dominant or recessive Tt = heterozygous or homozygous TT, and tt = heterozygous or homozygous
Underline Which is Correct • • • •
T = dominant or recessive And t = dominant or recessive Tt = heterozygous or homozygous TT, tt = heterozygous or homozygous
TT, RR, HH are all: • A. homozygous recessive • B. homozygous dominant • C. heterozygous recessive • D. heterozygous dominant • ANSWER: B
What are the male and female chromosome symbols?
• MALE • ANSWER: XY • FEMALE • ANSWER: XX
Alternate forms of a gene, like purple and white flowers, are: • A. traits • B. alleles • C. points • D. telomeres • ANSWER: B
What are the ratios for the cross of Ss x Ss?
• A. phenotypic • B. genotypic • S=smooth • And s=rough
What are the ratios for the cross of Ss x Ss?
• A. phenotypic 3 Smooth:1rough • B. genotypic 1 SS: 2:Ss:1ss
S S
SS Ss s • S=smooth • And s=rough s Ss ss
Genotype and Phenotype?
• Which is the genotype?
• TT : Tt : tt Tall : short •
Genotype are the letters, TT, Tt , tt
•
Phenotype is the description: Tall : short
Thomas Morgan discovered sex linked traits in the fruit fly.
• How many male Brown eyed flies are predicted?
• B= brown and b=blue • ANSWER: 100% brown males
Sex-linked Trait Problem • In humans, red-green color-blindness is a sex-linked trait located on the X chromosomes.
• Normal vision (X N ) is dominant to color blindness (X n ).
• Using a Punnett square, cross a heterozygous female with a male that has normal vision.
Did you use these parents?
X
N X n X N Y
Did you fill in these offspring?
X N
X
N X n
X N X N
X
N
X
n
Y
X
N
Y X
n
Y
What is the genotypic ratio?
X N
X
N X n
X N X N
X
N
X
n
Y
X
N
Y X
n
Y
Genotypic: Females 1 X N X N : 1 X N X n Males: 1 X N Y : 1 X n Y
What is the phenotypic ratio?
X N
X
N X n
X N X N
X
N
X
n
Y
X
N
Y X
n
Y
Genotypic: Females all Normal Males: 1 Normal : 1 colorblind
CONTRAST • • • • • Mitosis
2N to 2N (diploid) Makes somatic (body) cells Humans: 46 somatic cells Has 1 division
• • • Meiosis
2N to N (haploid) Makes sex cells
•
Humans: 23 sex cells
•
Has 2 divisions
What is this chart called?
• Punnett • Karyotype • Pedigree • ANSWER: • karyotype
What is this genetic disorder?
• Down • Klinefelter’s • Turner’s • Marfan • ANSWER: Down Syndrome
What is this genetic disorder?
• Down syndrome trisomy 21 • Klinefelter’s XXY • Turner’s XO • Marfan
What is this chart called?
• Punnett • Pedigree • Karyotype • ANSWER: Pedigree
B=brown eyes b=blue eyes bb=shaded • What is the genotype of parent I-1?
• ANSWER: Bb
How many children did I-1 and I-2 have?
• A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 7 • ANSWER: 4
What is the sex of the child at the arrow?
• ANSWER: male
Match the scientists: • • • •
A. Founder of Genetics, pea plants B. Father of Evolution, natural selection C. Found the structure of DNA D. Acquired traits
• • • •
1. Watson,Crick 2. Mendel 3. Darwin 4. Lamarck
• • •
ANSWER: A-2 B-3 C-1 D-4
What is the complementary DNA strand?
• A T C C G A C T A G G •
T A G G C T G A T C C
•
A-T C-G for DNA to DNA
What is the complementary RNA strand?
• A T C C G A C T A G G •
U A G G C U G A U C C
• •
DNA – RNA A-U C-G (no T’s)
What would be… • DNA ATC mRNA? ____ tRNA? ____
What would be… • DNA ATC mRNA?
UAG
tRNA?
AUC