Transcript Slide 1

‘Encountering Conflict’
Revision Lecture
Lecture Outline
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Exam requirements
Exam criteria
What you need to do
How to study and revise for this section of the
exam
The context: Encountering Conflict
The BIG ideas
The Rug-maker of Mazar-e-Sharif
Paradise Road
Using your context file
How to generate and develop ideas
How to break down a prompt
Examiners’ tips
Practice prompts
Section B of the Exam
• You will be required to write an extended response to a ‘prompt’
or visual which will express some ideas related to ‘Encountering
Conflict’.
• You will need to nominate one text as the basis of your piece
of writing, however, this does not mean that you limit yourself to
using evidence from this one text alone.
• You must use the core ideas conveyed by the prompt
statement in some way.
• You do not need to resolve the prompt or write a written
explanation.
• You may include other, related, material about the broader
context (from your context file).
• You should make the style, structure and content suitable to the
purpose of your writing and the audience you are writing for.
• You should aim to write between 800 and 1000 words.
• Section B is worth one-third of the exam marks.
Exam Criteria for Section B
• Understanding and effective exploration of the
ideas and arguments relevant to the
prompt/stimulus material
• Effective use of detail and ideas drawn from the
selected text as appropriate to the task
• Development in the writing of a coherent and
effective structure in response to the task
• Showing an understanding of the relationship
between purpose, form, language and
audience
• Controlled use of language appropriate to the
purpose, form and audience
What you need to do
• Identify your strengths as a writer and choose a
best style for the exam (imaginative, expository
and persuasive)
• Know the form, language, voice and relevant
ideas you are going to express
• Focus on the prompt; it’s a springboard for ideas.
• You do not have to resolve the prompt (offer a
solution) or write a written explanation
• It’s about COMPLEX ideas and good WRITING
SKILLS. It’s about generating and developing
the ideas from the core of the texts
• The ideas are much more important than the
number of examples used! (Quality >Quantity)
What you need to do
You must:
• identify the core ideas in the prompt, then
decide what you are going to do with it
• generate sophisticated, significant and complex
ideas
• use the texts as sources of relevant ideas (NOT
JUST EXAMPLES)
• use aspects of the texts which enhance or
develop ideas about the context
• plan, structure, sequence and proof-read
• have a voice and a clear purpose
What not to do
• Do not recycle your practice or SAC writing pieces
• Do not memorise or make up formulaic responses
• Do not simply take the prompt at face value (eg:
blindly agree with it). Instead, challenge, substantiate
and develop it further.
• Do not write without breaking down the prompt,
brainstorming and planning thoroughly
• Do not include examples as your topic sentences
• Do not include examples without explanations and
links to the prompt
• Do not forget to allow time to proofread
How to study for this section of
the exam…
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Summarise your notes on encountering conflict, including ideas and
evidence from your class texts and specific examples from your context
file under headings indicating the types, causes, resolutions/reactions
and consequences of encountering conflict (the next few slides include
aspects of each of these that need to be considered) . You may wish to
include some key points/questions from the BIG ideas section of this
presentation under relevant headings.
This summary can take the form of a study sheet, poster or cue cards.
Next, test yourself (or better yet, get a study buddy and test each other)
on this information every night in preparation for the exam.
Practice deconstructing all aspects of a prompt and planning
responses.
Practice generating, developing and substantiating relevant ideas.
Ensure you write several practice responses and receive feedback from
your teachers.
Take feedback on board and make necessary changes to your writing
Encountering Conflict
Encountering conflict asks you to question the types, causes,
consequences and how we resolve conflict.
Types of conflict:
Internal/Personal
Cultural
Interpersonal
Physical
Familial
Generational
Social
Class
Racial
International
Civil/National
Community or neighbourhood
Conflict over land
Environmental/Nature
Religious
Political
Encountering Conflict
You also need to think about how conflict arises.
What are the causes of particular types of conflict, or conflict in
general?
The causes may range from:
~ ignorance and prejudice
~ differences of opinions and beliefs
~ differences of values and philosophies
~ self interest and fear
~ the struggle for power
~ justice or truth
We could also argue that conflict is an inevitable part of
human life and cannot be avoided.
Encountering Conflict
You also need to think about the consequences of conflict.
Is conflict ever a good thing? When?
How do individuals or a society as a whole, respond and react to
conflict?
The way an individual or a community group responds to conflict
reveals a lot about them, especially their strengths and weaknesses.
What are the lasting consequences of conflict for individuals, families
and communities? Conflicts rarely end once the war or fight is over.
What are the repercussions of conflict? There are winners and losers in
every conflict who remain affected long after the conflict is over. How
are people affected emotionally or psychologically?
The consequences may range from trauma and physical and emotional
pain to more positive outcomes, such as change, opportunity and
growth.
Encountering Conflict
You also need to think about responses to conflict and
how conflicts are resolved.
How do individuals or a society resolve major conflict?
Does the way an individual or a community group
respond to conflict affect the chances of an effective
resolution?
What factors enhance the effective resolution of
conflicts?
Can we achieve a win-win situation in resolving a
conflict?
What happens when a major conflict cannot be
resolved?
Encountering Conflict
One thing is certain;
people are changed by
experiences of conflict.
The BIG IDEAS
Conflicts involve a clash of ideas, interests,
and expectations
a. Can a conflict have more than one cause?
b. Is fear a source of conflict?
c. Is the cause of conflict between nations similar to
the cause of a conflict between two individuals?
d. What role do different values play in the creation
of conflict?
The BIG IDEAS
People’s responses to conflicts vary
a. Is a person’s response to conflict always dictated by
the cause of the conflict?
b. Are there cultural factors that might contribute to
different responses to conflict?
c. Is what we call ‘manners’ really an informal system
designed to limit instances of conflict between
individuals?
d. ‘Turn the other cheek’ is a popular saying suggesting
that when we are faced with conflict we should turn away
and resist reacting or responding. Is this more difficult to
do than it sounds?
The BIG IDEAS
Conflict occurs between the powerful and the
powerless
a. Must the pursuit of power always have a negative
impact?
b. Do you think that those in positions of power are
more or less likely to incite conflict to get what they
want?
c. Are there always two valid sides to every conflict?
The BIG IDEAS
Conflicts may be difficult to resolve
a. What types of conflict are the most difficult to
resolve?
b. Do you think that there are some conflicts that can
never be resolved?
c. Consider the solutions to some recent conflicts you
have experienced. Do you feel the solutions were just
and right?
The BIG IDEAS
Conflict can be a catalyst for change
a. Is it possible to live in a society without conflict?
b. Is conflict something we should always avoid?
c. Have you ever experienced conflict when standing
up for yourself or someone else?
d. What have you learned or gained from the
experience?
How to use your context file
• Think of specific, original examples of encountering
conflict that relate to the causes, types, reactions
to/resolution and consequences of encountering
conflict. These examples must illustrate/explore
different ideas related to encountering conflict.
• As you know, these examples can be from other texts,
from the ‘real world’ or real life, or can take the form of
quotes or philosophical ideas/models.
• Make sure you use specific examples (Eg: Don’t
discuss World War I in a general sense, discuss a
particular example/anecdote/situation that occurred as
a result of World War I and link it to the ideas present
in the prompt).
How to develop ideas…
• Do not simply agree with a prompt or take it at face value—this
shows you are not engaging deeply with the ideas related to the
context.
• Instead, aim to challenge, compare/contrast and develop
particular concepts to achieve depth of ideas.
• You can do this by looking at various dimensions of the prompt
or by looking for particular phrases or exceptions that are not
entirely true in all cases of encountering conflict. Put conditions
on the amount you agree/disagree with and what the prompt
says.
• Eg: For the prompt ‘Conflict is a destructive force in our lives’,
consider situations where conflict has been constructive or has
resulted in innovation or regeneration –remembering to include
the particular circumstances or situations which lead to this and
use this to guide your response to the prompt.
How to develop ideas…
Prompt
‘In times of
conflict
ordinary
people can
act in
extraordinary
ways’
Ideas/
examples
Challenge
Ideas/
examples
Modified
response
How to break down a prompt
1. Underline the key words
2. What is the prompt saying? (Paraphrase in your
own words)
3. Ask questions of the key words.
4. What are the core concepts in the prompt?
5. How do the core concepts link/relate to ideas
from the broader context?
6. How do the core concepts link/relate to ideas
from ‘The Rug-maker of Mazar-e-Sharif’ and
‘Paradise Road’?
7. How do the core concepts link/relate to ideas
from local, national and personal contexts?
2012 Exam Prompt
‘It is difficult to remain a bystander in any
situation of conflict.’
Task
Complete an extended written response in
expository, imaginative or persuasive style.
Your writing must draw from at least one
selected text for this Context and explore the
idea that ‘it is difficult to remain a bystander
in any situation of conflict’.
1. Paraphrase: It’s not easy to stand and watch a
conflict without becoming involved in some way.
2. Ask questions of the key words:
• Difficult – How difficult? When is it difficult? Why
is it difficult?
• Bystander – Who? When? Why? Where?
• Situation of conflict – All situations? What
types? When? Where? Why? How are they
caused?
3. What are the core concepts in the prompt?
• It’s human nature to help someone in need.
• The bystander is just as guilty as the perpetrator.
4. How do the core concepts link to ideas from the broader
context, the texts, and local, national and personal
scenarios?
• How we deal with conflict can affect the outcome (Najaf
and Adrienne)
• Dealing with conflict can change us. (Japanese prisoners
of war)
• Dealing with conflict makes us stronger. (Najaf)
• Doing good deeds to help others in need can come back
to you, when needed. (Najaf is offered help in Australia)
Major Conflicts
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World Wars I and II
Vietnam War
Tiananmen Square
Iraq War
Afghanistan War
The Holocaust
The Stolen Generation
Earth Quakes and Floods
Israeli and Palestine conflict
Bullying
Major Conflicts
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Personal crises
Domestic violence
Workplace tensions
Power struggles, including gender
Peer conflicts
Parent/child conflicts
Sibling rivalry
Gender conflicts
Prompts to Practise
• ‘It is the victims of conflict who show us what is
really important.’ (2009 Exam)
• ‘In times of conflict ordinary people can act in
extraordinary ways.’ 2008 exam
• 'The way a person deals with conflict has a direct
impact on its resolution.'
• ‘Conflict can challenge one’s values.’
• ‘People are shaped by conflict.’
• ‘One conflict always contains the seeds of another.’
• ‘Conflict is a destructive force in our lives.’
• ‘Major conflicts often arise from minor
misunderstandings.’
Examiners’ Tips
• Read the previous year’s Examiners’
Reports so you know what they want and
expect.
• Read lots of different styles and forms of
writing.
• Practise writing in your best style.
• Make sure that your writing has a distinct
‘voice’.
Examiners’ Tips
• Become knowledgeable about major world
conflicts and their consequences
• Explore the ideas that are represented in
the prompt.
• Think critically about the ideas in the
prompt.
Examiners’ Tips
• The transference of ideas from the texts is
critical.
• Use the texts to explain complex ideas, not as
simple examples.
• Use more than one source to illustrate the
ideas in the prompt. Compare and contrast
examples to illustrate particular ideas.
Examiners’ Tips
• Show awareness of your purpose,
audience and the form of your writing.
• The feature article is an excellent hybrid
style which meshes expository, persuasive
and personal; it allows you to include
anecdotes and personal experiences.
• Start with an anecdote, a scenario or a
rhetorical question when writing a speech
to ‘hook’ your audience in.
Thank you for attending…
Good luck in the exam!