Transcript Connecting Enrollment and Fiscal Management

The State of Enrollment
Management in Oklahoma:
Trends and Considerations
Kevin Crockett
President and CEO
February 28, 2008
I would like to accomplish three things in
this session
1 2 3
Let’s quickly review
the high-level
enrollment trends in
the state of
Oklahoma
Oklahoma’s public colleges and universities
have grown 12 percent (headcount) over the
last decade
238,245
234,873
236,730
228,249
220,768
2005-06
2004-05
2003-04
2002-03
2001-02
209,559
2000-01
1998-99
209,371
213,972
1999-00
211,876
1997-98
210,823
1996-97
250,000
245,000
240,000
235,000
230,000
225,000
220,000
215,000
210,000
205,000
200,000
Source: OSRHE June 2007
The community colleges and research
universities have fueled that growth
Research
Regional
Community
110,000
100,000
103,201
103,209
102,014
70,859
70,763
98,547
90,000
95,025
53,122
53,603
1997-98
60,000
1996-97
70,000
55,432
65,883
66,813
66,996
55627
56,701
58,747
68,875
68,953
60,827
62,719
64,357
62,963
2005-06
67,181
2004-05
69,088
90,458
2003-04
67,275
80,000
88,049
2001-02
89,263
2000-01
88,493
1999-00
88,613
2002-03
1998-99
50,000
Source: OSRHE June 2007
First-time freshman enrollment has grown
9 percent…
Total
Regional
40,552
37,024
Research
39,989
40,243
22,436
22,877
37,077
19,412
10,187
10,436
10,212
10,543
10,526
7,110
7,229
7,408
7,010
6,840
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
19,727
2002-03
22,932
2001-02
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Community
Source: OSRHE June 2007
…despite declining demographics
OKLAHOMA
Public and Nonpublic High School Graduates
1987-88 through 2001-02 (actual)
2002-03 through 2017-18 (projected)
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1987-88
2002-03
2017-18
Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education.
Knocking at the College Door December 2003
First-to-second year retention in
Oklahoma remains relatively flat…
Research
Regional
Community
100.0%
90.0%
80.5%
81.8%
65.1%
64.0%
64.2%
64.5%
64.9%
64.3%
64.3%
56.1%
80.0%
75.3%
75.3%
75.4%
70.0%
62.1%
62.1%
62.7%
62.0%
52.6%
54.4%
53.1%
54.9%
53.5%
54.4%
2001-02
81.1%
2000-01
80.5%
1999-00
79.2%
1998-99
79.4%
1997-98
79.4%
1996-97
78.3%
60.0%
49.1%
49.1%
1995-96
40.0%
1995-96
50.0%
53.0%
55.3%
2004-05
2003-04
2002-03
30.0%
Source: OSRHE April 2006
…But three and six year
graduation rates are improving
Research
Regional
Community
80.0%
34.2%
18.3%
19.8%
2005-06
29.7%
29.3%
31.3%
30.3%
31.8%
31.7%
17.6%
18.0%
19.6%
18.5%
19.4%
20.7%
2002-03
30.0%
27.8%
33.0%
51.6%
2001-02
40.0%
49.7%
2000-01
44.8%
57.6%
1999-00
50.0%
48.0%
56.8%
1998-99
60.0%
55.8%
59.0%
54.6%
2004-05
70.0%
47.6%
25.2%
14.4%
15.0%
1997-98
10.0%
1996-97
20.0%
2003-04
0.0%
Source: OSRHE June 2007
Certificates and degrees produced by public
institutions in Oklahoma have increased 18 percent
in five years
30,000
28,769
29,000
28,000
27,607
26,484
27,000
26,000
25,000
24,000
28,934
24,488
24,980
23,000
22,000
2005-06
2004-05
2003-04
2002-03
2001-02
2000-01
21,000
20,000
Source: OSRHE
Let’s take a look at
findings from the
Institutional Fact
Finder that many of
you completed in
preparation for this
conference
We received 14 completed surveys this winter compared to
28 back in 2004…Four-year schools were slightly
overrepresented compared to 2004 (64% versus 54%)
4-Year
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2-Year
15
13
9
5
2004
2008
Part I:
Organizing for
Enrollment
Management
An increasing percentage of campuses report that there is
an individual who has overall direct responsibility for
enrollment management
Yes
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
No
93%
69%
31%
7%
2004
2008
The role of the enrollment manager in Oklahoma continues to
focus more on marketing and recruitment than retention…that
said, the percentage of schools reporting retention in this
person’s duties increased from 45% to 64%
UG admissions and recruiting
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Retention programs
100%
86%
64%
45%
2004
2008
Integrated and strategic enrollment planning
has increased, retention planning has
declined
Survey Item
2004
2008
We develop an annual written enrollment
management plan that addresses both
recruitment and retention
38%
54%
We develop an annual marketing/recruitment
plan
86%
85%
We develop an annual retention plan
43%
31%
We develop a three-to-five year strategic
enrollment plan
48%
69%
Why do you think less than a third of Oklahoma’s public
colleges and universities develop a written retention
plan?
According to our 2007 retention practices report, 53% of
4-year public schools develop a written retention plan,
40% of two-year public schools develop such a plan
Part II:
Enrollment
Management Goals
and Results
Enrollment funnel data reported in the
survey was very sketchy, as it was in 2004
In fact, only 10 survey
respondents provided funnel
data on freshmen, 8 provided
funnel data on transfers, and 3
provided funnel data on parttime students
Inquiry data remains very elusive in the
survey
% reporting FTIC inquiry data
% reporting transfer inquiry data
60.0%
50.0%
50.0%
36.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
7.2%
10.0%
7.2%
0.0%
2004
2008
This may partially reflect the ongoing
dissatisfaction with management information
systems
Satisfied with system's ability to generate timely and accurate reports
Satisified with system's ability to manage the communication process with prospective students
50.0%
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
43.0%
39.0%
39.0%
2004
38.0%
2008
Marketing and recruitment efforts in the state
remain focused on the high school population
% reporting an enrollment goal
80.0%
71.0%
70.0%
62.0%
60.0%
54.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
7.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Freshman
Transfer
Part-Time
Adults
These percentages are very similar to the 2004 survey
Nationally…enrollment funnel dynamics
are changing
Source: Noel-Levitz 2006 Admissions Funnel Report
Online applicants complete their files and
yield at lower rates than students who
submit paper applications
Source: Noel-Levitz 2006 Admissions Funnel Report
Not surprisingly, out-of-state students are
less likely to complete their applications and
actually enroll
Source: Noel-Levitz 2006 Admissions Funnel Report
Gaps also persist in retention goalsetting in Oklahoma
% reporting no FTIC retention goal
% reporting no graduation rate goal
80.0%
67.0%
70.0%
60.0%
56.0%
50.0%
50.0%
46.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
2004 Survey
2008 Survey
“If you don’t know where you are going,
any road will get you there” Lewis Carroll
Part III:
Marketing and
Recruitment
Practices
Marketing and recruitment practices deemed “very
effective” in the 2008 survey by at least 36% of
respondents
Practice
% rating very
effective
Individualized personalized e-mail exchanges
64%
High school visits by admissions representative
50%
Offering no-need merit scholarships
50%
Campus visit days designed for school counselors
43%
Campus visit days for high school students
43%
Using enrolled students in recruiting
43%
College day/night programs
36%
Recruitment publications
36%
Hosting open house events
36%
Some interesting items with a substantial number of
“method not used” responses in the 2008 survey
Practice
% reporting method
not used
Predictive modeling
86%
Internet ads
71%
Contacting inquiries to code their level of interest
64%
Weekend visits for high school students
64%
Student searches via electronic lists
57%
College sponsored trips to campus
50%
Electronic newsletters
50%
Student searches via direct mail
36%
Planned mass e-mail to prospective students
36%
E-mail communication flow
36%
Which of these items are the highest priority
additions for your campus?
Practice
Predictive modeling
Internet ads
Contacting inquiries to code their level of interest
Weekend visits for high school students
Student searches via electronic lists
College sponsored trips to campus
Electronic newsletters
Student searches via direct mail
Planned mass e-mail to prospective students
E-mail communication flow
% rating very
effective
The use of telecounseling is improving
% reporting no telecounseling by professional staff
% reporting no telecounseling by paid student workers
80.0%
69.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
48.0%
40.0%
30.0%
21.0%
21.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
2004 Survey
2008 Survey
Have you converted your telecounseling team into a student
contact team to capitalize on multiple communication channels
such as instant messaging and e-mail?
How well are Oklahoma institutions
responding to emerging communication
channels?
The alignment between the Web resources
desired by students and the survey results
show significant opportunities
Web Resource
Juniors/
Seniors
Oklahoma sites
that include this
Financial aid/scholarship estimators
88% / 80%
21% / 7%
Tuition calculator
83% / 76%
14%
Campus visit request/event RSVP
81% / 65%
43%
IM/Live Chat
72% / 55%
0%
Faculty blog
64% / 43%
0%
Current student blogs
63% / 46%
0%
Personalize a Web site
62% / 45%
0%
Sources: NL E-Expectations
Survey and OK Fact Finder
According to the most recent Noel-Levitz EExpectations Study…
• 79% of students own a cell phone
– 59% would take a call from a college
• 85% can text
– 44% would accept text messages from a
college
• 62% use IM
– 61% would use IM/Live Chat tools on a
college site
– 72% would respond to conversations a
college initiates via IM
NL E-Expectations Survey
OK schools reported mixed practices in collecting
data to communicate with families via cell, e-mail
and text messaging
Data to be collected
On-line
inquiry form
Inquiry cards
(printed)
Phone/inperson
Student e-mail address
86%
100%
86%
Student cell phone information
57%
79%
64%
Permission to send text
messages
0%
0%
0%
Parent e-mail address
14%
14%
14%
Parent cell phone information
14%
14%
14%
You also reported mixed capabilities in social
networking and high-end Web content
Resource
Our site includes
this
Institution-sponsored pages on social networking sites, such as
My Space or Facebook
50%
Profiles of admissions counselors on My Space or Facebook
36%
Podcasts or videocasts that can be used on your site or through
download to another device
14%
RSS feeds of news stories and deadline reminders
7%
Social networking capabilities within your own site
7%
A version of your site that is designed for viewing on a mobile
phone
7%
Opt-in for text message notifications
7%
A separate site for accepted students
0%
Personalization features to allow site visitors to enter their specific
interests for unique page views
0%
How important is the Web versus direct
mail?
I would rather look at a Web site than read brochures sent to me in the mail
I would rather read brochures sent me in the mail than look at a Web site
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
57.0%
43.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
NL E-Expectations Survey
Read more at www.noellevitz.com
Take a minute to jot down two or three
changes you would like to make on your
campus based on the preceding information
What about admissions publications?
Which of the following publications or materials does your
institution use regularly to communicate with
prospective students?
Catalog
100%
Viewbook
93%
Financial aid or college financing brochure
93%
Separate school, department, or program brochures
86%
Recruiting poster
79%
CD ROM
71%
Search piece
50%
Merit scholarship brochure
43%
Campus visit brochure
36%
Parents’ brochure
21%
Admissions newsletter
14%
Outcomes/successful graduates’ brochure
7%
Routine enrollment research remains the
exception not the rule in Oklahoma?
Survey research on enrolled students who do not re-enroll (withdrawn
students)
Survey research on high school or community college counselors
64%
36%
Survey research on prospective students who do not enroll (non-enrolling
inquiries)
29%
Survey research on admitted students who do not enroll (non-enrolling
admits)
29%
Survey research on employers
Environmental scanning
Survey research on parents of prospective students
Competition studies
29%
14%
7%
7%
Research can help you understand where
product, demand, and competition intersect
MARKET DEMAND:
What students want
COMPETITION: Unoccupied
market positions
PRODUCT: What can your
institution do best?
Part IV:
Retention
Practices
The top nine retention, progression and
completion strategies in Oklahoma
Testing and placement into courses designed to assist with student success
100%
Academic support services for academically under-prepared students
93%
Training for academic advisors
79%
A systematic early alert and intervention program
79%
An orientation program that is designed to connect students to each other,
faculty and staff at the institution, and resources to support student success
79%
An honors program
79%
Exit procedures for students who drop out or stop out
71%
A program for assessing student satisfaction
64%
A proactive support program for students on academic probation
64%
The bottom nine strategies in
Oklahoma
Data analysis to predict dropout proneness
29%
Supplemental Instruction (SI)
29%
Ongoing quality service training for front-line staff
36%
Special programs for under-represented populations
36%
Ongoing faculty development opportunities for faculty that are related
to their role in retention
43%
A communication program with students who have recently dropped
out or stopped out
43%
A proactive intervention program for undecided students
50%
Collaborative learning strategies (e.g., learning communities)
50%
A first-year program or transition-to-college course
57%
How motivated and
prepared are
students for
college?
Students arrive motivated to finish
college…
…but many lack the requisite skills
Math, science and writing are problems
for about half the students
The good news is…they are receptive
to assistance
Part V:
Financial aid
practices
Modest improvements have occurred in
the strategic use of financial aid
Survey Item
2004
% Yes
2008
%Yes
In preparing financial aid awards we routinely meet
different percentage of need for different types of
students who have similar need levels
18%
29%
We are leveraging our financial aid resources to
achieve enrollment goals
44%
50%
We track yield rates on our financial aid awards,
including scholarships
25%
43%
Financial aid process issues have also improved
except for the timing of upper-class aid awards
Survey Item
2004
% Yes
2008
% Yes
Require institutional aid application
61%
50%
Release upper-class aid awards prior to end of
current year
46%
36%*
Offer an early aid estimating service
26%
36%
*56% of 4 year universities (n=9) responded yes to upper-class awards
Some thoughts on
the future of
enrollment
management
Demographics will
represent a powerful
force
We are experiencing unprecedented
changes in students
• Today’s juniors are projected to be the largest high
school graduating class (2009) in U.S. history
• Between 1995 and 2015, 20 percent more students are
projected to enroll in college, reaching 16 million
(assuming today’s college participation rate of 66
percent)
• Students of color will represent 80 percent of the
increase in college-aged students between 1995 and
2015, and nearly 50 percent of the growth will be among
Hispanic students
• Among minority students, 45 percent will come from
families with the lowest EFC (Pell-eligible)
Projected change in the number of high
school graduates, 2006-07 to 2016-17
Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education
© Copyright 2006, The Chronicle of Higher Education
Reprinted with permission. This material may not be posted,
published, or distributed without permission from The Chronicle.
OKLAHOMA
White non-Latino Public High School Graduates
1999-00 through 2001-02 (actual)
2002-03 through 2017-18 (projected)
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
99-00
01-02
03-04
05-06
07-08
09-10
11-12
13-14
15-16
17-18
Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education.
Knocking at the College Door December 2003
OKLAHOMA
American Indian/Alaskan Native High School Graduates
1999-00 through 2001-02 (actual)
2002-03 through 2017-18 (projected)
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
99-00
01-02
03-04
05-06
07-08
09-10
11-12
13-14
15-16
17-18
Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education.
Knocking at the College Door December 2003
OKLAHOMA
Latino Public High School Graduates
1999-00 through 2001-02 (actual)
2002-03 through 2017-18 (projected)
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
99-00
01-02
03-04
05-06
07-08
09-10
11-12
13-14
15-16
17-18
Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education.
Knocking at the College Door December 2003
OKLAHOMA
African-American High School Graduates
1999-00 through 2001-02 (actual)
2002-03 through 2017-18 (projected)
3,700
3,600
3,500
3,400
3,300
3,200
3,100
3,000
2,900
2,800
99-00
01-02
03-04
05-06
07-08
09-10
11-12
13-14
15-16
17-18
Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education.
Knocking at the College Door December 2003
Affordability issues
will require states
and schools to
constantly monitor
access patterns
and the extent to
which net price is
influencing student
enrollment
behavior
Growth in tuition/fees is rapidly outpacing family
income in the United States (inflation-adjusted)
60%
52%
47%
45%
37%
34%
30%
15%
3%
0%
4-Yr Private Tuition
4-Year Public Tuition
-15%
1986-87 to 1996-97
-1%
Median Family Income
(Age 45-54)
1996-97 to 2006-07
The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2007
Average tuition and fee charges in constant
dollars, 1997-1998 to 2007-2008
(enrollment weighted)
$10,000
$9,000
$8,000
$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$5,231
$5,624
$5,814
$6,185
$5,918
$4,715
$4,022
$4,131
$4,183
$4,221
$4,411
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$2,026 $1,977
$2,052
$1,976 $1,883
$1,926
$2,150
$2,281 $2,310
$2,310
$2,361
$1,000
$0
1997-98
2002-03
Public 4-yr.
2007-08
Public 2-yr.
The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2007
Public institutions can easily be lulled into a false
sense of security regarding student ability to pay
Tuition and Fees
Room & Board
$30,000
$15,000
$10,000
Books/Supplies
Transportation
$26,304
$25,000
$20,000
Other Charges
$1,739
$16,357
$6,960
$1,739
$6,960
$15,783
$5,000
$5,836
$0
In-State
Out-of-State
Source: The College Board Trends in College Pricing 2006
Cumulative federal loans borrowed by BA/AA
degree recipients 1992-93 to 2003-04
(current dollars)
2-Year Public
4-Year Public
4-Year Private
$17,500
$16,942
$15,500
$17,125
$14,671
$14,250
$13,500
$14,848
$11,500
$9,500
$9,680
$10,422
$7,500
$5,500
$6,300
$5,200
$3,500
$1,500
$2,625
1992-93
$5,879
$3,937
1995-96
1999-00
2003-04
Source: ACE Issue Brief: Federal Student Loan Debt: 1993-2004
Non-federal (private and state-sponsored)
loans have increased 674 percent in ten years
(constant dollars)
In Millions
$20,000
$18,000
$18,490
$16,000
$14,000
$12,000
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$6,381
$4,000
$2,000
$2,390
$0
1996-97
2001-02
2006-07
Source: The College Board Trends in Student Aid 2007
Measuring net price response of
selected need-based students by
examining the percentage of need met
Need Met
Enrollment Rate Number of Cases
<75.6%
25.9%
540 Cases
75.6%-87.0%
48.2%
830 Cases
>87.0%
49.2%
650 Cases
TOTAL
42.6%
2,020 Cases
Measuring net price response of selected
need-based students by examining
the percent of need met with gift aid
Need Met
w/ Gift Aid
Enrollment Rate
Number Of Cases
<53.16%
24.4%
780 Cases
53.16%-61.7%
47.9%
730 Cases
>61.7%
62.7%
510 Cases
TOTAL
42.6%
2,020 Cases
The ability to pay of prospective students
plays a significant role in who will earn a BA
Family Income
$35,000 or less
1 in 17 will earn a BA degree by age 24
(Approximately 6.0%)
$36,000 - $60,000
1 in 10 will earn a BA degree by age 24
(Approximately 12.7%)
$61,245 - $85,000
1 in 4 will earn a BA degree by age 24
(Approximately 26%)
$85,000 or more
1 in 2 will earn a BA degree by age 24
(Approximately 51.3%)
Source: Postsecondary Education Opportunity
Analysis, Based on 2002 Census Data
Factoid – USA Today – Feb. 2, 2006
The enrollment
funnel and
communication
strategies are
changing rapidly
which will require
institutions to
market to students
differently
The distinction between stages is becoming blurred
because of the Internet and the savvy of this
generation of students
The changing dynamics of
student enrollment behavior
and a myriad of new
communication vehicles will
require enrollment managers to
prospect in new ways and
focus increasingly on
permission marketing
strategies
Institutions are
placing increased
emphasis on product
mix and developing
distinctive market
niches…enrollment
managers will need
to become
increasingly fluent on
issues of student
demand
Enrollment managers will play an increased
role in devising institutional growth strategies
Existing
New
Programs/Services Programs/Services
Existing
Markets
Market
Penetration
Program
Development
New
Markets
Market
Development
Diversification
An overview of top 10 student-planned
educational majors: 1997-2006
200,000
180,000
160,000
Health Science/Allied Health
Undecided
140,000
Business/Mgmt
Education
120,000
Social Sciences
Visual and Perf Arts
100,000
Sciences (Bio and Physical)
Engineering
80,000
Communications
Community and personal ser.
60,000
40,000
20,000
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2006
Source: American College Testing Program
An overview of bottom 13 student-planned
educational majors: 1997-2006
50,000
45,000
Computer/Info Science
40,000
Engineering Tech
Architecture/Env Design
35,000
Agricuture
Trade/Industrial
30,000
Human/Family/Cons. Science
25,000
Marketing & Distribution
Phil/Religion/Theology
20,000
Letters
Business and Office
15,000
Foregin Languages
Mathematics
10,000
Cross-Disciplinary Studies
5,000
0
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2006
Source: American College Testing Program
Occupations with the largest job growth
requiring a BA degree: 2004-2014
Occupation
Number
% Change
Registered nurse*
703,000
29.4%
Post-secondary teachers
524,000
32.2%
General and operations managers
308,000
17.0%
Elementary/secondary teachers
265,000
18.2%
Accountants and auditors
264,000
22.4%
Computer software engineers
applications
222,000
48.4%
Computer systems analysts
153,000
31.4%
* Most significant source of post-secondary education or training is the AA
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
2004-2014 Employment Projections
Occupations with the fastest job growth
(percentage change) requiring a BA degree:
2004-2014
Occupation
Number
% Change
Network systems/data
communications
126,000
54.6%
Physician’s assistants
31,000
49.6%
Computer software engineers,
applications
222,000
48.4%
Computer software engineers,
systems software
107,000
38.4%
Physical therapists
57,000
36.7%
Medical scientists, except
epidemiologists
25,000
34.1%
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
2004-2014 Employment Projections
Occupations with the fastest job growth
(percentage change) requiring a BA degree:
2004-2014
Occupation
Number
% Change
Occupational therapists
31,000
33.6%
Post-secondary teachers
524,000
32.2%
3,000
31.6%
153,000
31.4%
Biomedical engineers
3,000
30.7%
Employment, recruitment, placement
specialists
55,000
30.5%
Environmental engineers
15,000
30.0%
Hydrologists
Computer systems analysts
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
2004-2014 Employment Projections
Athletic interests of 2008
high school graduates
Count
246,405
172,967
168,010
159,546
151,382
150,562
129,052
114,963
106,762
100,532
100,485
57,479
53,567
47,743
46,056
29,373
27,857
24,875
12,335
12,138
1,912,089
Description
Basketball
Football
Other Athletics
Cheerleading/Dance Team
Volleyball
Soccer
Track and Field
Baseball
Swimming/Diving
Softball
Tennis
Golf
Gymnastics
Cross Country
Wrestling
Lacrosse
Ice Hockey
Equestrian
Field Hockey
Crew/Rowing
Total
Source: National Research Center for College and University Admissions
Activity interests of 2008
high school graduates
Count
200,692
169,154
159,524
148,132
139,491
125,543
117,351
103,284
101,698
101,237
96,355
94,106
92,072
76,829
62,332
60,287
60,137
59,441
57,988
47,193
2,072,846
Description
Art/Design
Fraternity/Sorority
Outdoor Adventure/Recreation
Academic/Honors Club
Outdoor Winter Sports
Drama/Theatre
Community Service
Choir
Newspaper/TV/Radio
Church/Religious
Military/R.O.T.C.
Leadership
Band/Orchestra
Business Club/Entrepreneurship
Language Club
Study Abroad
Debate/Forensics
Math/Science Club
Writing/Publications
Student Government
Total
Source: National Research Center for College and University Admissions
Increasing student
completion rates
will require an
increased
emphasis on the
second and third
year…and we have
limited information
about what works
with these students
Observations and Questions