Transcript Slide 1

TELEMATIC
TEACHING
PROJECT
People and their Needs
[email protected]
ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES
TRADE
GLOBALISATION
WATER AS A
CRITICAL
RESOURCE
ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
C
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PRIMARY ACTIVITIES
•Extraction of raw materials from nature
•Examples: farming, fishing, forestry, mining
SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
•Adding value to raw materials
•Industries, manufacturing, building
TERTIARY ACTIVITIES
•Service Industry
•Examples: Distribution, selling, education
QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES
•Specialised service rendered by professionals
•Examples: Administration, information, research
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
SUBSISTENCE
•For need
•Traditional
•Small yield
•Little capital
•Small surplus
COMMERCIAL
•For market
•Modern
•Large yield
•Large capital
•Large surplus
AGRICULTURE
LIMITING FACTORS
•Seasonal droughts
• Poverty
•Erosion
•Dense population
•Poor farming
methods
Cultivation of
plants and
animals for food
production
FOOD SECURITY
ROLE
•Provides food
•SA produces wide
variety of products
• Provides work
•Development of
services
DEFINITION
Access
Availability
Use of food
•Poor farming methods
When people
have enough food
to eat in order
to sustain a
healthy life
•Pests & disease
in animals/crops
•Wars
•HIV and AIDS
•Flooding
•Droughts
•No infrastructure
•No mechanisation
•Rural depopulation
•Poverty
•Erosion
•Politics
•High population
growth rates
LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Government
Raw
material
Market
Labour
Water
Power
SOUTHWESTERN CAPE
FAVOURABLE
•Agriculture / fish
FACTORS
LIMITATIONS
RAW MATERIAL •No mining (Heavy ind)
•Water available
WATER
•Skilled/unskilled
LABOUR
•None
TRANSPORT
•None
•Harbour / rail / road
•Koeberg
•Local market /Tourism
•Parliament
•Historical / Education
POWER
MARKETS
•Water - scarce
•Expensive no coal
•Buying power -PWV
GOVERNMENT •None
OTHER
MANUFACTURING REGIONS
Study this section by means of the following table:
REGION
FAVOURABLE
FACTORS
LIMITATIONS
MAIN
INDUSTRIES
PWV Complex
DurbanPinetown
South-western
Cape
Port ElizabethUitenhage
Problem: Development only in these four regions, the rest of the
country under developed. Post 1994 government developed a
programme to promote development across the country
Industrial Development Zones (SDI’s) &
Spatial Development Initiatives (SDI’s)
G
10
IDZ (A-H)
BOTSWANA
•Close to habours &
airports.
•Boost exports
•Job creation
NAMIBIA
• •
3 Phalaborwa
Polokwane
6
• ••
J-burg
Rustenburg
1
F
H
•
Upington
•
Pretoria
Nelspruit
SWAZ
2
•
•
Bloemfontein
E
Kimberley
•
R-Bay
4
LES
D
5
•Durban
•Port Edward
9
A
Saldanha
•
Cape Town
•
C
8
•
•
7
East London
B Port Elizabeth
SDI(1-10)
•Developing 10
underdeveloped
corridors.
TRADE
TRADE
When a country sells goods to other countries and
buys what it needs from other countries.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
A statement in which a country’s
transactions with other countries are indicated
IMPORTS
Goods brought into country
EXPORTS
Goods sent out of country
BALANCE OF TRADE
= Exports minus imports
Year
Exports
R-Million
Imports
R-Million
Balance
R-Million
1982
19 290
20 079
-789
1983
20 708
17 545
+3 163
GLOBALISATION
GLOBALISATION - DEFINITION
A couple eats sushi in
Johannesburg. A lady
buys French perfume in
Australia. A Brazilian man
is driving an American car
DEFINITION
The exchange of
capital, people,
information and
ideas across the
world.
EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION
ADVANTAGES
•Access to goods
and services all
over world.
•Greater variety of
things to buy
•Foreign investments can help
countries.
•We become aware
of our role as
global citizens.
DISADVANTAGES
GLOBALISATION
IMPACT ON AFRICA
•Becoming poorer.
•Lack of development
•Poor governance.
•Loss of identity –
Dumping ground for
music, movies, food
•Lack of
accountability.
•No benefits for
poor people.
•Cultural loss and
sameness: wear
same brands eat
same food.
•Gap between rich
and poor increased
Economic integration
Accountability
Equality/inequality
Terrorism
Communication
Shrinking world
Recognition
Technology/Internet
Trade versus Aid
Free trade
Outsourcing
Culture
Brands
Capitalism
Exploitation
Monopoly/Power
Growth
Environment
Poverty
WATER AS A
CRITICAL
RESOURCE
WATER USE IN SOUTH AFRICA
AFFECTING FACTORS AND SUSTAINABLE USE
FACTORS AFFECTING
AVAILABILITY OF WATER
•Low rainfall (Less than
500 mm per year)
•High evaporation rates
•Periodic droughts
•Climate change
•El Nino
•Groundwater only source
of water for many rural
people
•Most rivers non-perennial
SUSTAINABLE USE
OF WATER
•Conserve water
•Large industries, like
ESKOM should recycle
•Periodic droughts
•Regional water suppliers
should recycle
•Desalination of water
•Monitor water resources
and services.
•Drip irrigation and other
water-saving farming
technology
TUGELA-VAAL
Water from Spioenkop dam (Tugela) is pumped
to the Sterkfontein dam to supplement water in
the PWV area.
ORANGE RIVER PROJECT
Orange-Fish river tunnel was built to transfer
water to the Fish River for Irrigation. Hydroelectricity also genetated.
INTER
BASIN
BERG RIVER SCHEME
TRANSFER
Water transferred from the Theewaterskloof
SCHEMES
dam to the Berg and Eerste river valleys.
LESOTHO HIGHLANDS
Upper courses of the Orange River dammed
and transferred to Vaal River. Lesotho also
benefits: sells water & electricity, employment
Thank you for
paying attention