Transcript Task 1:Skim and Scan

Revision 1
Who defeats “King Cholera“?
What happened in 1854?
How many people died in 10 days?
Why is there no death at No. 20
and 21 Broad Street as well as at
No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?
1.Who defeats “King Cholera“?
John Snow
2. What happened in 1854?
Cholera outbreak hit London.
3. How many people died in 10 days?
500
4. Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21
Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9
Cambridge Street?
These families had not drunk the water
from the Broad Street pump.
1. Read the passage and number these events in the
order that they happened.
2 John Snow began to test two theories.
____
____
1 An outbreak of cholera hit London n 1854.
4 John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
____
7 He announced that the water carried the
____
disease.
3 John Snow investigated two streets
____
where the outbreak was very severe.
8 King Cholera was defeated.
___
5 He found that most of the deaths were
___
near a water pump.
6 He had the handle removed from the water
___
pump.
Revision 2
Read the text paragraph
by paragraph to get
details.
1.What was the most deadly disease in 19th
century? Why?
The cholera, because neither its cause,
nor its cure was understood.
2.When could the cholera be controlled?
John Snow knew it would never be
controlled until its cause was found.
Details
What is the problem?
The cholera was the most deadly
disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor
its cure was understood.
What caused cholera?
make up a question: Which theory to
believe in?
Cholera multiplied in the air without
reason. A cloud of dangerous gas
would float around until it found its
victims.
People absorbed it with their meals.
What method did he use?
Public house
Many deaths
happened
here.
A map
of Broad
Street
No death happened here.
The water from the pump was to blame.
analyze the results: What happened to the
pump water?
The water was from
the river which had
been polluted by
the dirty water from
London.
find supporting evidence : What extra
evidence did he find?
A woman and her daughter
who lived far away but drank
the water also died.
draw a conclusion with certainty
The polluted water
carried the disease.
Expressions & phrases (1)
1. know about… 了解……的情况
2. lift up
举起;抬起;提升
3. steam engine
蒸汽机
4. physical characteristic 人体的特征
5. put forward a theory about black holes
提出一个有关黑洞的理论
6. infectious disease
传染性的疾病
7. in scientific research 在科学研究上
8. examine a new scientific idea 验证一个新的科学思想
9. draw a conclusion
得出结论
10. analyse the results
分析结果
11. a well-known doctor 一个著名的医生
12. ordinary people
13. expose (…)to sth.
百姓;普通人
暴露(…..)在……中
14. the most deadly disease 最致命的疾病
15. terrified people
被吓坏的人们
16. get interested in sth./doing sth. 对…产生兴趣
17. absorb sth. into…
把….吸收入….
18. gather the information 收集信息
19. determine to do sth.
决心干某事
一条珍贵的线索
20. a valuable clue
21. the water pump
水泵
22. in addition (to…) 除..…之外还有…
23. link … to …
将….和….联系起来
(be linked to…)
24. have it delivered (have sth. done) 叫某人送东西
25. die of… 死于…
26. announce with certainty 肯定地宣布
27. polluted water
被污染的水
28. prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事
29. deal with…
处理……
30. solve the problem 解决难题
Language Points
1.discover & invent
discover v. “ 发现“,被探索或被揭示物老早就客观存
在着.
Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于
1492年发现了美洲.
Who discovered radium?
谁发现了镭?
invent v. “发明”,指的是发明原先不存在的东西.
Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机?
2.Who invented the way of giving electricity to
everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市
中的每个人的办法?
the way of doing sth.= the way to do … “做…..
的方法”
She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She
showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗
它的办法.
the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用
that;可以用in which;还可以省略.
I don’t like the way (that/ in which) you speak to
your father.
我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式.
与way相关的短语:
by the way 顺便说
by way of … 通过……的方法
lose one’s way 迷路
no way
(俚语)
没门,别想
feel one’s way 摸黑走,谨慎从事
on one’s way to…在去…的路上
in this way=by this means
=with this method用这种方法
3.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提
出了黑洞的理论?
put forward
(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for
consideration 提出(建议等)
(2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名
May I put your name forward as our monitor?我能否
提名你当我们的班长?
put away 抛弃;舍弃
put down 写下来;记入名单;
put on 穿上;戴上;增加
put off 耽误;延期
put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火)
put up 建立;建造
put up with…
忍受……
•You can take anything from the shelf and read, but
please ______ the books when you’ve finished with
them.
A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off
4.This was the most deadly disease of its day.
die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.)
deadly
adj. 1.dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的;致命
的 a deadly disease/weapon
2. highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力
的;致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论
3. aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的:
a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人
adv. 1. Very极度;非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认
真
2. like death 死一般地: deadly pale 死一般苍白
5.But he became inspired when he thought about
helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱
的”.如:The book written by Luxun is very popular.
expose v.
(1)to make visible 暴露
“expose ….to….”
He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.
(2)to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of …揭露;揭发
He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋.
I threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威胁要
(向警察)揭发他.
expose to 使易受,使受 expose a fraud 揭穿
骗局
expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于
光天化日之下
•
•
•
•
The disc,
in the studio, sounded fantastic
at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
6. So many thousands of terrified people died
every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就
有大批惊慌的老百姓病死.
every time是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每
当”,如:
Every time I meet him, I always think of the things
happened between us.每次见到他,我就想起发生在我
们之间的事情.
immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等都可
以作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”,如:
I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我
一见到他就把这封信给他.
I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来
了.
7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the
air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无
缘无故地繁殖着.(Suggest 用法参考P43.4,并完成相关
的练习)
8.absorb v. 吸收(液体);承受;承担 (费用等)
Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 吸干撒的墨
水
We will not absorb these charges.我们不能承担这些
费用.
absorb…into…吸收…
The big company has gradually absorbed these
small companies into its own organization.这家大公
司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。
9.valuable
(1) adj. worth a lot of money值钱的;贵重的;有价值的
a valuable diamond 贵重的宝石
valuable information 重大的消息
(2) n. (常用复数形式) sth. that worth lots of money贵
重物品
Mary kept her valuables in a safe.
玛丽把她的贵重的东西藏在保险箱里.
10.in addition adv. as well as 另外
In addition, the course also produces
practical experience. 此外,这门功课还提供了
实践的基础.
A number of people came to the zoo in
addition to Per and Paul. 彼得和保尔以外,还
有许多别的人来到动物园.
Read the passage again and answer the
questions.
1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was
right. How did he finally prove it?
He finally proved his idea because he found
an outbreak that was clearly related to
cholera, collected information and was able
to tie cases outside the area to the polluted
water.
2. Do you think John Snow would have solved
this problem without the map? Give a
reason.
No. The map helped him organize his
ideas. He was able to identify those
households that had many deaths and
check their water-drinking habits. He
identified those houses that had no deaths
and surveyed their drinking habits. The
evidence clearly pointed to the polluted
water being the cause.
3. Cholera was a 19th century disease.
What disease do you think is similar to
cholera today.
Three diseases, which are similar
today, are SARS, AIDS and bird flu,
because they are serious, have an
unknown cause and need public
health care to solve them.
The passage is written as a report of an
experiment and there are 7 steps:
1.Find a problem:(发现问题)
2.Make up a question:(形成研究主题)
3.Think of a method:(找出研究方法)
4.Collect results:(收集材料)
5.Analyse results:(分析材料)
6.Repeat if necessary:(必要时重新分析)
7.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论)
Using the stages for scientific
research and the order exercise
above, write a short summary
of the reading passage.
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera
Find a Problem: What cause the cholera?
Paragraph 2: Two theory
Make a question: Which is right?
Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854
Paragraph 3: Study of the breakout in 1854
Think of a method: Test two theory
Collect the result: Mark the death
Analyse the result: Reason for death and no death
Paragraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854
Analyse the result: Find the resource of the water
Paragraph 5: Study of the breakout in 1854
Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence.
Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ
Polluted water carried cholera
Paragraph 6: Prevention of Cholera
John Snow defeat King Cholera
Steps:
1.Find a problem
2.Make up a
question
3.Think of a
method
What/How?
What causes cholera?
Which theory is correct?
Collect information on those
who were ill or died and where
they got their water
4.collect results Mark information on a map to
find out where people died or
did not died
5.Analyse
results
6.Repeat if
necessary
7.Make a
conclusion
Analyse the water to see if that is the
cause of the illness
Find other evidence to make sure the
conclusion
The water is to blame. The source of
all drinking water should be examined.
Drink boiled water
Wash hands often
What should we pay attention to in our daily
life in order not to get Keep
infected
cholera?
awaywith
from
flies
choose fresh sea food
Keep the kitchen clean
Cook raw food thoroughly
Dispose rubbish properly.
Heal the food left overnight
1. Surf the internet to find out more about
cholera.
2. Write down the important words and
phrases in your exercise books and
finish exercises 1-4 on page 4.
3. Underline the difficult sentences that
you cannot understand.