Transcript NEMA SASO AFCI Presentation

Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters
For NEMA Field Reps
7/18/2015
AFCI 9/01/07 Rev 5
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Circuit Protection Progress Continues
1930
Wiring
1900
2-Conductor BX
Replacing Knob & Tube
Aluminum Bonding
Strip Required On BX
Circuit
Protection
Receptacles &
Ground Fault
Knob & Tube
Primary Wiring
No Ground Required
Residential Fuses
Primary Protection Of
Circuit
With Ground
Only Required
In laundry
room
1990
1970
1950
Expanded
Basements,
Garages,
Outdoors
Innovative Circuit Breaker
Products And Fuses Used
For Circuit Protection
Expanded
Rest Of Home
2000
2020
Aluminum Armored BX Cable & NM-B
Primary Wiring
Ground Fault Protection Begins In the 70’s
On Swimming Pools (Electrocutions ~ 1100/ year)
‘70s: Bathroom, Garage, And near pools
’80s: Whirlpools, Tubs, Kitchen Sinks
‘90s: Basements, Crawl Spaces, Wet Bars, Kitchens
’00s: Outside and Other Locations (Electrocutions ~ 400/year)
Thermal Magnetic Circuit
Breakers Protect
Residential Circuits
Standard Thermal Mag
Arc Fault & Dual Function
Circuit Breakers Used For
Circuit Protection
Residential Homes Are Safer Because Of Codes and Standards
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Electrical Arcing Can Happen Anywhere
•
•
Each year, approximately 68,000 fires in the US are caused by problems in a residential electrical systems
These fires result in thousands of injuries and billions of dollars in overall economic impact
AFCI 10/2014
Typical Causes of Arc Faults
Example Conditions Where Arc Faults May Start Include:
• Damaged Wires.
• Worn Electrical Insulation.
• Wires Or Cords In Contact With Vibrating Metal.
• Overheated Or Stressed Electrical Cords And Wires.
• Misapplied Or Damaged Electrical Appliances.
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Examples of Arc Fault Causes
Cables that are improperly
nailed or stapled too tightly
Extension or appliance cords
that have worn/cracked
insulation
Wires punctured by a screw
or drill bit
Nails driven into walls
can break wire
insulation
Furniture pushed against
electrical cords
AFCI 9/01/07 Rev 5
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Research Helped Drive Industry Solutions
• 1992 The Consumer Products Safety Commission
(CPSC) Initiated The “Home Electrical System Fires Project”
To assess The Products And Technology That Could
Potentially Decrease The Likelihood Of Residential Fires
• UL Summarized That Arc Fault Detection Is The Most
Promising Technology In The Prevention Of Hazardous
Arcing Faults
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What Are Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCI)
• AFCI Technology Provides Increased Protection Over A
Conventional Circuit Breaker By Detecting A Condition
Known As An “arc fault.”
• AFCIs Utilize Advanced Electronic Technology To “sense”
Different Arcing Conditions.
• AFCIs Are Designed To Recognize When Arc Faults Occur
And Automatically De-energize The Circuit In Order To
Mitigate Fire Initiation.
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AFCI Types
Branch Feeder Type – Provides Protection Of The Branch Circuit Wiring,
Feeder Wiring, or Both, Against Unwanted Effects of Arcing. This Device
Also Provides Limited Protection To Branch Circuit Extension Wiring.
Combination Type – Protects Downstream Branch Circuit Wiring,
Feeder Wiring, Cord Sets And Power-Supply Cords Against The
Unwanted Effects Of Arcing.
Arcing – High Current
Arcing – Low Current
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NEC AFCI GFCI requirements timeline
AFCI Req’d
0
Introduction Of Branch Feeder AFCI To The National Electrical
Code. Protection Of Branch Circuits Supplying Bedroom
Receptacle Outlets As Of January 1, 2002.
Listed Branch Feeder AFCI Protection Of Branch Circuits
Supplying Bedroom Outlets.
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3
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Branch Circuits Supplying Outlets Installed In Dwelling Unit Bedrooms
Shall Be Protected By A Listed Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter, Combination
Type, Installed To Provide Protection Of The Branch Circuit.
Branch Feeder AFCI’s Permitted To Be Used Until January 1, 2008.
Location Of The AFCI Is Permitted To Be Within 6’ Of The Origin Of
The Branch Circuit Via A Metal Raceway Or A Cable With A Metallic
Sheath.
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Combination-Type AFCI Required On Bedroom, Family Rooms,
Living Rooms, Parlors, Libraries, Dens, Sun Rooms, Recreation
Rooms, or Similar Rooms. It Shall Be Permitted To Install A
Combination AFCI At The First Outlet. RMC, IMC or EMT or Steel
Armored Cable, Type AC, Meeting The Requirements of 250.118,
Using Metal Outlet or Junction Boxes Must Be Installed Between The
Origin of the Branch Feeder and the First Outlet.
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Same as 2008 with clarification on Fire alarm circuits and renovation
work. .
14 (3 dual)
Added requirement for arc fault protection in kitchens and laundries
while specifying that both outlets and devices need to be protected.
This presumably means refrigerators, microwaves, dishwashers and
washing machines now require protection. Additionally the outlets in
these locations require GFI protection. This opens the door for a dual
breaker as a potentially economical solution.. Also provided
additional ways to use Outlet branch circuit AFCI devices although
currently there is no way to execute economically..
2005 NEC Branch Feeder Coverage
Bedroom 1
Family Room
Kitchen/
Kitchen
Laundry
Bathroom
Bedroom 2
•
Green Highlighted
Rooms Are Those
Required To Be
Protected By AFCI
•
Red Highlighted
Rooms Are Those Not
Required To Be
Protected By AFCI
•
Outside Receptacles
Also Do Not Require
AFCI Protection
Living Room
Hallway
Unfinished
Basement
Den
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2008 NEC Combination AFCI Coverage
Bedroom 1
Family Room
Kitchen/
Kitchen
Laundry
Bathroom
Bedroom 2
•
Green Highlighted
Rooms Are Those
Required To Be
Protected By AFCI
•
Red Highlighted
Rooms Are Those Not
Required To Be
Protected By AFCI
•
Outside Receptacles
Also Do Not Require
AFCI Protection
Living Room
Hallway
Unfinished
Basement
Den
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2014 NEC – Article 210.12
“(A) Dwelling Units. All 120-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20ampere branch circuits supplying outlets or devices installed in
dwelling unit
kitchens, family rooms, dining rooms, living rooms, parlors,
libraries, dens, bedrooms, sun rooms, recreation rooms, closets,
hallways, laundry areas,
or similar rooms or areas shall be protected by any means
described in 210.12(A) 1-6
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2014 NEC Combination AFCI Coverage
Bedroom 1
Family Room
Kitchen/
Laundry
Bathroom
Bedroom 2
•
Green Highlighted
Rooms Are Those
Required To Be
Protected By AFCI
•
Red Highlighted
Rooms Are Those Not
Required To Be
Protected By AFCI
•
Outside Receptacles
Also Do Not Require
AFCI Protection
Living Room
Hallway
Unfinished
Basement
Den
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