Transcript Yellow Fever - Mr. Farshtey

Yellow Fever
What is yellow
fever?
Yellow fever is a viral
hemorrhagic disease
spread between humans,
as well as between certain
other primates and
humans, by the bite of
yellow fever-infected
mosquitoes. The virus is
called simply Yellow fever
virus and belongs to the
virus family Flaviviridae.
Symptoms of
Yellow Fever
Symptoms
The majority of persons infected with yellow
fever virus have no illness or only mild illness.
In persons who develop symptoms, the
incubation period (time from infection until
illness) is typically 3–6 days.
The initial symptoms include sudden onset of
fever, chills, severe headache, back pain,
general body aches, nausea, and vomiting,
fatigue, and weakness. Most persons improve
after the initial presentation.
After a brief remission of hours to a
day, roughly 15% of cases progress to develop
a more severe form of the disease. The severe
form is characterized by high fever, jaundice,
bleeding, and eventually shock and failure of
multiple organs.
How does one person contract
Yellow Fever
The disease is not spread directly from
person to person. It is spread by the bite
of an infective Aedes aegyptimosquito. A
mosquito that bites a person with yellow
fever within the first five days of illness
may transmit the disease to other people
it bites later.
What is the prognosis for the
patient?
Mortality varies from 50% without medical
treatment to about 5% with first-world medical
care. Individuals recover or die from yellow fever
in 7 to 12 days. Death usually occurs between the
sixth and tenth day. Those who recover have lifelong immunity. Weakness may prolong
convalescence for 2 to 3 weeks. Initial prognosis
is always guarded since a sudden change for the
worse is common.
How can disease be treated or
cured?
Since there is no cure for the viral infection
itself, medical treatment of yellow fever
focuses on easing symptoms such as
fever, muscle pain, and dehydration.
Because of the risk of internal bleeding,
avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs if you suspect you
have yellow fever. Hospitalization is often
needed.
How can the
disease be
prevented?
Yellow fever can be prevented
by vaccination. Travelers should
also take precautions against
mosquito bites when in areas
with yellow fever transmission.
Travelers should get vaccinated
for yellow fever before visiting
areas where yellow fever is
found. If you continue to live or
travel in yellow fever-endemic
areas, you should receive a
booster dose of yellow fever
vaccine after 10 years.
What is the future of this disease?
Are we likely to ever cure it?
Yellow fever continues to occur in
regions of Africa and South America,
despite the availability of effective
vaccines. Recently, some cases of
severe neurologic disease and
multiorgan system disease have been
described in individuals who received
yellow fever vaccine
The story about yellow fever
Bioterrorists want a horrible disease that is easy to
spread and that has a high fatality rate. So, thought
terrorists during the Civil War, what better disease
than yellow fever? It kills within days, causing a
hemorrhagic fever that makes victims bleed from
the mouth and nose and vomit a black substance
that resembles coffee grounds but consists largely
of dried blood.
There was no effective treatment for yellow fever
and no way to prevent it, and it could spread rapidly
through a city, causing panic and social disruption.
1st slide and 1st picture http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timelines/yellowfever
2nd slide
http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/symptoms/
2nd picture
http://viraldiseasesd.wikispaces.com/Yellow+Fever
3rd slide
http://www.vdh.state.va.us/epidemiology/factsheets/Yellow_Fever.htm
4th slide
https://www.mdguidelines.com/yellow-fever/prognosis
5th slide
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/yellow-fever-symptoms-treatment?page=2
6th slide and picture
http://www.cdc.gov/VACCINES/vpd-vac/yf/default.htm
7th slide
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/6/850.full
8th slide
http://www.health.gov.au/yellowfever
9th slide
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/13/health/new-york-was-bioterrorism-target-in1864.html