Transcript Document

Callista Roy
Nursing Theorist
By:
Megan Davis
Brandon Zolynsky
Shelley Meyerholtz
Purpose
-The initial formulation of Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation
Model came from developing a framework for a nursing
curriculum.
-The purpose of Roy's Adaptation Model is to modify the
individual and environment in such a way that promote
adaptation of the patient. Chitty and Black (2011)
?Questions?
-Roy proclaimed that she "knew what nursing was - it was
promoting patient adaptation." Fawcett (2002)
-A colleague questioned what she meant by that, and she has
been answering the question ever since.
Problems to Solve
-The main problem the Nurse is presented with when applying
Roy's Adaptation Model is how the environment will be
modified in order to facilitate adaptation in the patient
-The Nurse must fine tune the demands of environmental
stimuli to the patient's adaptive mechanisms in order to achieve
an effective adaptive behavioral response conducive to
promoting the integrity of the individual.
-The Nurse observes patient behavior in relation to
environmental stimuli and customizes nursing diagnoses to
formulate care plans specific to promoting adaptation.
Chitty and Black (2011)
Motivation
- Came from working with Dorothy Johnson while studying her
graduate degree in 1964
- Dorothy Johnson questioned Sister Roy’s thought on nursing and
how it was the promotion of adaptation. That question alone led Sister
Roy into years of explaining and defining (Fawcett, J. 2002)
- Sister Roy read a book about adaptation and psychology by Harry
Helson (1964) which helped her to write her own adaptation theory
Nursing Values and Knowledge
- Adaptation theory focused on holistic care
and bio-psycho-social system
- The environment needs to be changed
to allow adaptation and feelings of
comfort by the patient during time of
illness
- “To cope with a changing world, a person
uses coping mechanisms, both innate and
acquired, which are biological,
psychological, and social in origin”
(Nursing-theory.org 2011)
- Focuses on improving practice through
research and education
Modes of Adaptation
*Physiological: human needs (air, food, water)
*Self Concept: perceptions of self positively
*Role Function: how people respond to different role
changes (mother, provider, care giver)
*Interdependence: balance between being dependent
and independent
(Nursing-theory.org , 2011)
Influence of Theory
“Callista Roy was greatly influenced
by Dorothy Johnson’s commitment
to describe the goal of nursing as a
way of moving the discipline
forward, describing the nature of
nursing, and explicating a body of
distinctive nursing knowledge”
(Fewcett, J. 2002)
Influence Continued.......
Roy has told the story that she was reading a
short paragraph on adaptation, and that is
what made her realize what nursing waspromoting patient adaptation.
Fawcett 2002
Global Concepts
Person- patient that adapts based on coping skills
Environment- internal and external stimuli that affect the
development and behavior of the patient
Health- the "whole" patient, includes modes of
adaptation (pyschological, self concept, role function,
interdependence)
- Illness is effectively adapting to one or more of the modes
Nursing- system of knowledge related to the care of
an ill patient
Where Will You See This Model?
• This model is said to be an appropriate curriculum guide for
Diploma, ADN, BSN, and MSN educational programs
Although it is a great model for education you could see this
model in any area of nursing due to it being related to adaption
. It is also used in research
The 6 Steps of the Roy Adaptation
Nursing Process
1. Assessment of BehaviorThe nurse must assess the
behaviors of the pt and see
if they threaten the
survival of the family,
individual, group or
community. Does it also
affect the growth and
development.
2. Assessment of Stimuli- The
nurse must realize that
medical treatments are not
considered stimuli
3. Nursing Diagnosis- Based
on behaviors and stimuli
6 steps continued......
4. Goal Setting- Must make clear outcome based on the human
adaptive system
5. Nursing Interventions-The nurse selects and implements
nursing approaches that have a high probability of changing
stimuli or strengthening adaptive processes
6. Evaluation- Nurse must evaluated the effectiveness of the
interventions based on the human adaptive system.
Implications
-From Roy's Adaptation Model, we can imply that adaptation is
a fundamental basis on which nursing practice can be
developed.
-Like many Nursing Theory Models, Roy's Adaptation Model
can be applied to many aspects of life, not limited to nursing, as
adaptation to environmental stimuli can promote integration in
most all life facets. This is why Roy's model is so widely used as
a curriculum guide for many Nursing education program
Inference and Interpretation
It is shown through Roy's research and studies that changing
the patients environment as needed and assessing the stimuli,
you allow for adaptation to occur which is necessary for the
pateint's well being and recovery.
Today
-Roy's Adaptation Model continues to serve as a basis for
Nursing curriculum development as well as care guidelines
throughout nursing.
-Two editions of her book The Roy Adaptation Model (Roy &
Andrews, 1999) have been published
-Roy is currently serving as faculty at Boston College's William
F. Connell School of Nursing and has turned her attention to
contemporary movements in nursing knowledge development
and spirituality. (Fawcett, 2002)
CASE STUDY
Your patient Mr. Andrews is 67 years old. Mr. Andrews suffered
a stroke four days ago that has affected his non-dominant side.
He is married, and has three young grandchildren who enjoys
spending a lot of time with. Mr. Andrews works as an
accountant and enjoys spending time outdoors.
Mr. Andrews is experiencing left sided weakness and has
difficulty with fine motor movements. His strength is
improving and he is very motivated and cooperative with his
care regimen.
Using Roy's adaptation model how would you develop your
plan of care for Mr. Andrews?
What barriers could be in place to make it difficult to apply
Roy's adaptation model to Mr. Andrews care?
References
Callista Roy: Adaptation Model 2008. Retreived from:
http://nursingtheories.blogspot.com/2008/07/sister-callista-roy-adaptationtheory.html
Chitty, K. K., & Black, B. P. (2011).
Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges (6th ed.). Maryland Heights, Mo.:
Saunders.
Fawcett, J. (2002). The nurse theorists: 21st century updates-Callista Roy.
Nursing science quarterly, 15, (4), 308-310. doi:10.1177/089431802236795
Medical dictionary (2012). Adaptaton Model. Retrieved from http://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adaptation+model
Nursing Theory (2011). Roy's Adaptation Model. Retrieved from http://nursingtheory.org/nursing-theorists/roy-adaptation-model.php
References
Nursing Theory (2011). Sister Callista Roy. Retrieved from http://nursingtheory.org/nursing-theorists/Sister-Callista-Roy.php
Roy,C. (2011). Extending the Roy Adaptation Model to Meet Changing Global
Needs. Nursing Science Quarterly,24 (4), 345-351. doi
10.1177//0894318411419210
Taber's Medical Dictionary, 21st edition(2009). Callista Roy's Adaptation
Model. Retrieved from
www.tabers.com/tabersonline/ub/view/Tabers/144307/0/Callista_Roy's_Adapat
ation_Model