Transcript UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY: STRATEGIC ISSUES

UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY:
Thailand Country Report
Charas Suwanwela
2008 ASAIHL Conference on
University Autonomy: Interpretation and Variations
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 12 December 2008
CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
Established 1917 with special Charter
providing certain degree of autonomy
from Government’s civil services.
THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY
Established 1934 after the Revolution
with special Charter
outside the civil service system.
New universities established
each with own charters.
1943 : Universities seen as a tool
for development in Ministries.
Universities became specialized
(Medical Sc., Agriculture, Fine Arts)
& moved to be within Ministries.
1959: Creation of National
Economic Development Board.
Emphasis given to National Development.
Universities moved to be
directly under the Prime Minister.
1972 : Creation of Ministry
of University Affairs
to oversee Universities.
2003 : Merging of
Ministry of University Affairs
and Ministry of Education.
UNIVERSITIES WERE IN CIVIL SERVICE
OR BUREAUCRATIC SYSTEM.
1969 and many times later :
Academics and university administrators
pushed for more autonomy of universities.
1990 : Suranaree University of Technology
Established as the first “Autonomous university”.
Outside the Civil Service System.
Financial support from Government’s budget
for basic works,
but granted freedom on financial, academic
and personnel management.
Charters of 4 new and 6 old universities
were set or changed to be “autonomous” .
Many universities remain
in the civil service system,
but given more autonomy
in management.
2008:
78 Public Higher Educational Institutions
----11 Autonomous Universities
1989 : Private Higher Educational Institution Act
Private universities and colleges allowed.
Autonomous in financial
and personnel management.
Academic programs regulated
by the Higher Education Commission.
2008 : 68 Private universities and colleges.
ACADEMIC FREEDOM
# Selection of research topics and
making public of research results
# Making opinion in public by academics
# Academic discussion and debates
on matters of public concern
(democracy, political ethics, public policies etc.)
# Making public opinion polls
(Suan Dusit Rajabhat University Polls)
UNIVERSITY CHARTER
Provision for all universities
Selection and appointment of University
Council Members and University President
by process inside the university with no
interference from politicians.
(Appointment by Royal Proclamation
submitted through the bureaucratic system)
Full responsibility rests on the university council
for policy direction and oversight
Roles and functions of university council:
GOOD GOVERNANCE
# Set goals, policies and direction of university
# Set rules and regulations for the operation of university
# Set the structure and components of university
including creating and abolition of faculties/ units
# Select and appoint university president
# Grant degrees and qualifications
# Approve budget and oversee operations
# Invest or jointly invest including setting legal entities
1.FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM
2. FROM
BUREAUCRACY
FOR EFFICIENCY
AND QUALITY
UNIVERSITY
AUTONOMY
4. MANAGERIALISM
AND MARKET FORCES
COLLEGIALISM
3. FROM
CENTRAL CONTROL
FOR EFFICIENCY
AND IDENTITY
5 5.
WORLD-CLASS
(HEGEMONY)
LOCAL RELEVANCE
1.
GOVERNMENT & STATE
vs
H E INSTITUTIONS & ACADEMICS
UNIVERSITY
ADMINISTRATORS
vs
ACADEMICS
ACADEMIC
FREEDOM
ACADEMICS
vs
PEERS
EXTERNAL
FACTORS
vs
ACADEMICS
C.S.: Academic Freedom in Countries of Asia, UNESCO APIED Paper # 5, 2005
1.FOR
ACADEMIC FREEDOM
2. FROM
BUREAUCRACY
FOR EFFICIENCY
AND QUALITY
MANAGERIALISM
UNIVERSITY
AUTONOMY
COLLEGIALISM
FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM
FROM
BUREAUCRACY
FOR EFFICIENCY UNIVERSITYU
3. FROM
AND QUALITY
AUTONOMY CENTRAL CONTROL
FOR EFFICIENCY
AND IDENTITY
Management of
commonality
Management of
diversity
FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM
FROM
BUREAUCRACY
FOR EFFICIENCY UNIVERSITYU
3. FROM
AND QUALITY
AUTONOMYCENTRAL CONTROL
FOR EFFICIENCY
AND IDENTITY
SELF-DETERMINATION
UNIQUENESS
COMPETITIVENESS
1.FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM
2. FROM
BUREAUCRACY
FOR EFFICIENCY
AND QUALITY
UNIVERSITY
AUTONOMY
4. MANAGERIALISM
AND MARKET FORCES
COLLEGIALISM
3. FROM
CENTRAL CONTROL
FOR EFFICIENCY
AND IDENTITY
1.FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM
2. FROM
BUREAUCRACY
FOR EFFICIENCY
AND QUALITY
4. MANAGERIALISM
AND MARKET FORCES
COLLEGIALISM
UNIVERSITY
AUTONOMY
3. FROM
CENTRAL CONTROL
FOR EFFICIENCY
AND IDENTITY
5. WORLD-CLASS
(HEGEMONY)
OPPORTUNITIES LOCAL RELEVANCE
SELF-DETERMINATION
SELF-RELIANCE
BY-LAW
UNIVERSITY
COUNCIL
INFORMATION
REPORT
ISSUES
FUNCTIONS:
POLICY
REGULATION
DECISIONS
SUPPORT
PRESIDENT
& TEAM
INTERNAL ORGANS
OVERSIGHT
& AUDITING
1.
QUALITIES: VISION,
COURAGE, MORALITY, INTEGRITY etc
BROADMINDEDNESS, SELFLESSNESS, INTEGRITY,
SENSE OF PURPOSE, PROPORTION, JUSTICE,
KINDNESS, COMMAND RESPECT OF COLLEAGUE etc
HUMAN RELATION, COMMAND RESPECT OF OTHERS
“A BLINDSPOT ON THE WAY
TO GOOD GOVERNANCE.”
1. ACCOMPLISHMENT ACCORDING TO MISSION
2. EFFICIENCY IN MANAGEMENT
3. SOUND JUDGEMENT (ACCOUNTABILITY)
4. TRANSPARENCY
5. HONESTY
6. DISTRIBUTED AUTHORITIES
7. PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT
8. BALANCE OF POWER
“NEW GOVERNANCE” (John Carver)
PROACTIVE APPROACHES
RIGOROUS AND POWERFUL DELIBERATION
OUTPUT ORIENTATION
“UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY WITHOUT
GOOD GOVERNANCE COULD BE
DANGEROUS !”
4. LIMITED
SOURCES
OF
RESOURCE
3. INEFFICIENCY
1.LIMITED RESOURCES:
FINANCIAL, HUMAN,
TECHNICAL
2. INSUFFICIENT FUND FOR
DEVELOPMENT
& POLICY – DIRECTED
ACTIVITIES
CAPABILITIES for RESOURCE MOBILIZATION
= POSSIBILITIES OF SUCCESS
ENDOWMENT
GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES/SUPPORT
INVESTMENTS
TUITION FEES
RESEARCH GRANTS
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
•DONATIONS
•Etc.
THE STRUCTURE AND OPERATING
SYSTEM MAY NEED TO BE CHANGED.
TO BE EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT
DECENTRALIZATION
&
SHARING OF RESPONSIBILITIES
MANAGERIALISM
MANAGEMENT CAPACITY
OF PERIPHERAL UNITS
COLLEGIALISM
1. FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM
2. FROM
3. FROM
BUREAUCRACY UNIVERSITYCENTRAL CONTROL
FOR EFFICIENCY AUTONOMY FOR EFFICIENCY
AND QUALITY
AND IDENTITY
4.MANAGERIALISM
5. GLOBALIZATION
SUCCESSFUL AUTONOMY