Transcript Document

Week 3
• Apollo & Artemis
• Demeter, Persephone & Hades
• Dionysus & Hermes
The Twins
• Children of ZEUS and
LETO
• Born on the island of
DELOS
• Both experts at
archery
• Together killed the 7
sons and daughters of
NIOBE
Who?
• Saw Artemis in her
bath
• Was transformed into
a stag
• His dogs tore him to
pieces
• Tried to seduce
Artemis
• The goddess
produced a
scorpion that killed
him
Who co-stars the following
episodes of the story of
Callisto?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rape
Rejection
Giving birth
Becoming a bear
Near death as bear
Being promoted to a constellation
CHARACTERISTICS OF
ARTEMIS
• Vehement virgin with characteristics of a
fertility goddess
• Moon-goddess linked with the lunar cycle
and menstrual period
• Goddess of nature itself personifying its
pristine purity
Whose statue?
SANCTUARY OF APOLLO
AT DELPHI
• Apollo chose a place under Mt.
PARNASSUS for his oracle and temple.
• He slew a dragon named PYTHO
• Apollo given the epithet PYTHIAN, his
prophetess, PYTHIA
Apollo sitting on the Omphalos
• Silver tetradrachm
from 3rd BCE
APOLLO'S LOVES
Sybil
Cyrene
Coronis
Daphne
Priestess
of Cumae
Rejection
Lion
wrestler
Love
Loved a
man
Betrayal
Devoted Princess of
to Art.
Troy
Rejection Perjury
Eternal life City of her Death by
without
name
arrow
youth
Turned
Her
into laurel prophecies
disbelieved
Aristaeus
keeper of
bees
Asclepius
god of
medicine
Cassandra
HYACINTHUS
APOLLO’S MUSICAL
CONTESTS
• Dared to engage in
a contest with
Apollo
• TMOLUS the god
of the mountain
was the judge
• He declared Apollo
the victor
• Picked up the flute
invented by Athena.
• Challenged Apollo
to a contest
• Apollo won and he
decided to flay him
alive
THE NATURE OF APOLLO
• God of shepherds,
associated with music
• God of medicine
• God of the sun PHOEBUS
Apollo "bright."
• Symbol of classical
restraint: "Know thyself"
Demeter and the abduction of
Persephone by Hades
1. Persephone: daughter of Demeter and Zeus
kidnapped by Hades
2. Demeter’s grief
3. Demeter in Eleusis, nurse of Demophoon, is
interrupted when trying to make him immortal
4. Demeter’s anger
5. Zeus’ request that P. must return to her mother
6. Final compromise
The Final Message of the Hymn
Happy is the one of
mortals on earth who has
seen these things. But
those who are uninitiated
into the holy rites …
never are destined to a
similar joy when they are
dead in the gloomy realm
below.”
The Eleusinian Procession
•
•
•
•
Ritual cleansing
Torches
Fasting and vigil
Hymns and obscene
jests
The Sacred Rites
• KYKEON the sacred
drink
• Dramatic performance
• The revelation of the
hiera, "sacred objects"
HADES
• Roman names: DIS,
PLUTO (both names
mean wealth) ORCUS
by the Romans
• God of death and
agricultural plenty
Identify
Three Judges
• MINOS
RHADAMANTHUS,
and AEACUS
• Pass sentence on the
just and unjust souls.
Identify
Hermes Psychopompus
• Hermes
Psychopompus.
Hermes as "leader of
the soul" takes our
souls, after death, to
Charon
Poussin: Midas and Bacchus
THE BIRTH of Dionysus
• Zeus loved SEMELE, daughter of CADMUS
• Hera convinced Semele to trick Zeus into revealing
himself
• Semele was burned, but their unborn child was saved by
Zeus
• Dionysus was born from Zeus’ thigh and brought up by
nymphs and Semele's sister Ino on a mountain named Nysa
THE BACCHAE OF
EURIPIDES
• Dionysus comes to Thebes
where his religion is
repudiated
• The women of Thebes become
possessed by frenzy
• Deceived by Dionysus, King
Pentheus participates in the
rites disguised as a woman
• He is discovered and torn to
pieces by the Bacchae led by
his mother AGAVE
THE NATURE OF DIONYSUS
• God of vegetation
• God of wine
• Represents the
irrational in human
beings
• Dionysiac ecstasy,
MANIA, combines
the bestial and the
sublime
DIONYSIAC LEXICON
SATYR
MAENAD
BACCHA
THYRSUS OMOPHAGY
THIASUS
part man
and part
animal,
pleasureloving
follower
of D.
a) nymph
from the
retinue of
D.
b) woman
worshiping
D.
a pole
wreathed
with ivy or
vine leaves
congregati
on that
engaged in
omophagy
eating raw
flesh of the
sacrificial
animal
DIONYSUS’ FOLLOWERS
DIONYSUS-ZAGREUS
• Son of Zeus and Persephone
• At Hera’s request the Titans dismembered and
devoured the child
• His heart was saved
• Dionysus was born again through Semele
• People were created from the ashes of the Titans
THE HOMERIC HYMN TO
HERMES
•
•
•
•
•
Son of Zeus and MAIA
Invented the lyre
Stole Apollo’s cattle
Made the first sacrifice to the 12 Olympians
Reconciled with Apollo
Hermes and Apollo’s Cattle
Hermaphroditus
THE NATURE OF HERMES
• God of shepherds
• Patron of thieves and
business people
• Master of persuasion
• Psychopompus
• Messenger of the gods
• Archetypal trickster
ATTRIBUTES OF HERMES
Identify