Transcript Document

Week 3
• Apollo & Artemis
• Demeter, Persephone & Hades
• Dionysus & Hermes
The Twins
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Children of ZEUS and LETO
Born on the island of DELOS
Both experts at archery
Together killed the 7 sons and daughters of
NIOBE
Who?
• Saw Artemis in her
bath
• Was transformed into
a stag
• His dogs tore him to
pieces
• Tried to seduce
Artemis
• The goddess
produced a
scorpion that killed
him
Who co-stars the following
episodes of the story of
Callisto?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rape
Rejection
Giving birth
Becoming a bear
Near death as bear
Being promoted to a constellation
CHARACTERISTICS OF
ARTEMIS
• Vehement virgin with characteristics of a
fertility goddess
• Moon-goddess linked with the lunar cycle
and menstrual period
• Goddess of nature itself personifying its
pristine purity
SANCTUARY OF APOLLO
AT DELPHI
• Apollo chose a place under Mt.
PARNASSUS for his oracle and temple.
• He slew a dragon named PYTHO
• Apollo given the epithet PYTHIAN, his
prophetess, PYTHIA
APOLLO'S LOVES
Sybil
Cyrene
Coronis
Daphne
Priestess
of Cumae
Rejection
Lion
wrestler
Love
Loved a
man
Betrayal
Devoted Princess of
to Art.
Troy
Rejection Perjury
Eternal life City of her Death by
without
name
arrow
youth
Turned
Her
into laurel prophecies
disbelieved
Aristaeus
keeper of
bees
Asclepius
god of
medicine
Cassandra
APOLLO’S MUSICAL
CONTESTS
• Dared to engage in
a contest with
Apollo
• TMOLUS the god
of the mountain
was the judge
• He declared Apollo
the victor
• Picked up the flute
invented by Athena.
• Challenged Apollo
to a contest
• Apollo won and he
decided to flay him
alive
THE NATURE OF APOLLO
• God of shepherds, associated with music
• God of medicine
• God of the sun PHOEBUS Apollo
"bright."
• Symbol of classical restraint: "Know
thyself"
Demeter and the abduction of
Persephone by Hades
1. Persephone: daughter of Demeter and Zeus
kidnapped by Hades
2. Demeter’s grief
3. Demeter in Eleusis, nurse of Demophoon, is
interrupted when trying to make him immortal
4. Demeter’s anger
5. Zeus’ request that P. must return to her mother
6. Final compromise
The Eleusinian Procession
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Ritual cleansing
Torches
Fasting and vigil
Hymns and obscene jests
The Sacred Rites
• KYKEON the sacred drink
• Dramatic performance
• The revelation of the hiera, "sacred objects"
HADES
• Roman names: DIS, PLUTO (both names
mean wealth) ORCUS by the Romans
• God of death and agricultural plenty
Three Judges
• MINOS RHADAMANTHUS, and
AEACUS
• Pass sentence on the just and unjust souls.
Hermes Psychopompus
• Hermes Psychopompus. Hermes as "leader
of the soul" takes our souls, after death, to
Charon
THE BIRTH of Dionysus
• Zeus loved SEMELE, daughter of CADMUS
• Hera convinced Semele to trick Zeus into revealing
himself
• Semele was burned, but their unborn child was saved by
Zeus
• Dionysus was born from Zeus’ thigh and brought up by
nymphs and Semele's sister Ino on a mountain named Nysa
THE BACCHAE OF
EURIPIDES
• Dionysus comes to Thebes where his religion is
repudiated
• The women of Thebes become possessed by
frenzy
• Deceived by Dionysus, King Pentheus participates
in the rites disguised as a woman
• He is discovered and torn to pieces by the
Bacchae led by his mother AGAVE
THE NATURE OF DIONYSUS
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God of vegetation
God of wine
Represents the irrational in human beings
Dionysiac ecstasy, MANIA, combines the
bestial and the sublime
DIONYSIAC LEXICON
SATYR
MAENAD
BACCHA
THYRSUS OMOPHAGY
THIASUS
part man
and part
animal,
pleasureloving
follower
of D.
a) nymph
from the
retinue of
D.
b) woman
worshiping
D.
a pole
wreathed
with ivy or
vine leaves
congregati
on that
engaged in
omophagy
eating raw
flesh of the
sacrificial
animal
DIONYSUS-ZAGREUS
• Son of Zeus and Persephone
• At Hera’s request the Titans dismembered and
devoured the child
• His heart was saved
• Dionysus was born again through Semele
• People were created from the ashes of the Titans
THE HOMERIC HYMN TO
HERMES
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Son of Zeus and MAIA
Invented the lyre
Stole Apollo’s cattle
Made the first sacrifice to the 12 Olympians
Reconciled with Apollo
THE NATURE OF HERMES
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God of shepherds
Patron of thieves and business people
Master of persuasion
Psychopompus
Messenger of the gods
Archetypal trickster