Transcript Document

The Natural Approach
(自然法)
By Lan Weihong
Stage 1 Experience
• Activity 1
•
Guessing game
• What’s in the box?
• What’s the function of ___?
•
•
•
•
charger
run down the battery
recharge the mobile phone
electrify the cell phone battery
Activity 2 Do it
• Please show how you recharge a mobile
phone.
Activity 3:
Say yes or no
• 1. When we recharge the mobile phone,
we need to plug in the radio.
• 2. There is only one way to recharge
our mobile phones.
• 3. When we recharge the cell phone
battery, we need to take out the battery
from the phone.
• 4. One way to recharge a mobile phone
is to plug in the charger and then plug
in the power.
Activity 4 Listen and repeat
• When we run down the battery in our
mobile phone, we need to recharge it.
We usually recharge the battery in two
ways. We can either take out the battery
from the mobile phone and electrify it
in a charger or simply connect the
charger and the mobile phone and then
plug in the power.
Activity 5 Speaking
• Work in pairs and describe how you
usually recharge your cell phone.
• Key words:
• …. run down the battery …
recharge the battery … charger ….
plug in the power …
Stage 2 Exploration
1. In the above learning activities, what
have you learned as language learners?
2. In what aspect did Ms Lan help you to
comprehend the new language items
and enable you to use it in
communication?
3. Based on the above learning experience,
what do you think should be the initial
task of a teacher at the stage of
presentation? And what principles
should we follow when designing
presentation?
Stage 3 Exchange
1. The initial task of a teacher at the stage
of presentation should be to _______.
2. To help the learners understand the new
language items, we should ____.
3. To enable the learners learn to speak, we
should not _____.
1. According the Natural Approach, the
initial task of a teacher at the stage of
presentation should be to provide
comprehensive input, that is,
spoken language that is
understandable to the learner, or
just a little beyond the learner’s
level. (i + 1)
• 2. To help the learners understand the new
language items, we should take the form
of “comprehensive input” by teaching
English in context and using simplified
speech or “foreigner talk” .
• 3. To enable the learners learn to speak,
we should not force them to learn, instead
we should provide them opportunities to
acquire the language.
• The Natural Approach was developed by
Tracy Terrell and Stephen Krashen,
starting in 1977. It came to have a wide
influence in language teaching in the
United States and around the world.
• Theory of language
• The Communicative view of language is
the view behind the Natural Approach.
Particular emphasis is laid on language as
a set of messages that can be understood.
• Theory of learning
• Language acquisition (an unconscious
process developed through using
language meaningfully) is different from
language learning (consciously learning or
discovering rules about a language) and
language acquisition is the only way
competence in a second language occurs.
(The acquisition/learning hypothesis)
• Conscious learning operates only as a
monitor or editor that checks or repairs the
output of what has been acquired. (The
monitor hypothesis)
• Grammatical structures are acquired in a
predictable order and it does little good to
try to learn them in another order.( The
natural order hypothesis).
• People acquire language best from
messages that are just slightly beyond
their current competence. (The input
hypothesis)
• The learner's emotional state can act as a
filter that impedes or blocks input
necessary to acquisition. (The affective
filter hypothesis)
Stage 4 Extension
• Page
135
Stage 5 Evaluation
1. Review
1) The initial task of a teacher at the stage of
presentation should be to _______.
2) To help the learners understand the new
language items, we should ____.
3) To enable the learners learn to speak, we
should not _____.
• Key words for further learning:
•
语言习得
•
语言学习
•
语言输入
•
可理解输入
•
自然法