Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish

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Transcript Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish

Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish
Interior finishing
Definition:
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The installation of
cover materials to
walls and ceilings
Prerequisites to
Construction:
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Utilities, heating, and
insulation are
installed
Exterior doors and
windows must be
hung and installed.
Interior walls can be covered with any
one of a number of materials:
Gypsum
Plywood and
wallboard
particleboard
(drywall)
Gypsum
Hardboard
wallboard for and fiberboard
plaster
veneering
Predecorate
Solid wood
gypsum
paneling
paneling
Plaster
Cement
board
Special
finishes
Gypsum wallboard (drywall)
Def:
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A laminated material with
a gypsum core and paper
covering on either side.
Has fireproof core
Variety of thickness,
shown on right, and
lengths (4’ x 8’, 7’, 9’,
10’, 12’, and 14’
Also requires special
tools (next slide):
Gypsum wallboard for plaster veneering
This is a base of gypsum board
Usually ½” thick
It’s applied as a backing for a thin coat
of plaster
Predecorated gypsum paneling
This is the same as
gypsum wallboard.
The difference:
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Decorative vinyl
finishes have been
applied and edges
have received special
treatment so no
other finish work is
needed.
Plywood and particleboard
Picture to the right
is fabricated in 4’
widths.
Lengths: 7, 8, 9,
and 10’
Prefinished in a
variety of colors and
patterns
Hardboard and fiberboard
These are produced from wood fibers
in sizes and thicknesses similar to
plywood.
The face finish is simulated to look like
wood.
Variations of fiber board are used as
ceiling coverings.
Solid wood paneling
These are boards or pieces of solid
wood.
Widths: Vary from 2 to 12”
Thicknesses: Either 1” or 2”
Lengths: Vary from 4 to 10’
Faces may be rough-sawed, plain, or
molded in a variety of patterns.
Plaster
The most popular
wall covering.
It is made of
powdered gypsum
to which other
materials are added
to improve drying
time.
A plastered wall
system includes:
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A base support, such
as metal or gypsum
lath
Coats of wet plater
Cement board
Definition:
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A versatile fiberreinforced cement
panel material that is
used as a base
(underlayment) for
finishing materials
used on walls, floors,
and countertops.
Fireproof, & water
and impact resistant
Special Finishes
These include a variety of products and
materials:
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Brick
Stone
Glazed Tile
Plastic Tile
Plastic Laminates
Often found in kitchens and bathrooms
Ceilings can be covered with many of
the same materials used for walls.
Composition tiles are especially suitable
because they are easy to install.
Drywall Construction
Drywall materials,
such as gypsum
wallboard, (shown
on left) are the most
common coverings
used in modern
construction b/c:
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It saves time
Dries faster than
regular plaster
Single Layer Construction
* Cover ceiling first, then walls.
Method One:
Method Two:
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 Long edges of panels
Parallel
are at right angles to
studs and joists.
 Long edges of panels
run in the same
direction as studs and
joists.
Perpendicular
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Generally more
prefered method.
In either method,
vertical wall joints
must fall over and
center on studs.
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Both parallel and
perpendicular are
shown to the right
Carpenter will use
whichever method
has fewer joints.
Measuring and Cutting
1. Score face with sharp
knife pulled along
straight edge, cut
should penetrate the
paper and enter the
gypsum core
2. Support main section
of sheet close to
scored line
3. Snap the core by
pressing downward
sharply on overhang.
4. Support the cutoff
with other hand
5. Score the backing
paper, as shown on
right, and snap the
cutoff upward
6. The cut can be
smoothed with file
or sandpaper
Nails and Screws
For single layer
const., nails are
spaced no further
than 7” (ceiling) and
8” (wall).
Keep 3/8” from
ends and edges
(On right) drywall
fasteners
Walls
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Wallboard must be
drawn tightly
Start nailing at
abutting edge
Nail the field (area
between edges) first
Drive nails straight
Ceilings
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Double nailing method
of attachment ensures
firm contact with framing
Nails in field of board
should be spaced 12” on
center
After panel is secured,
another nail is driven
approx. 2” from first
Adhesive Fastening
Produce a sturdier wall that is more resistant
to impact sounds
Some have flammable solvents
Application:
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Apply continuous bead to the center of all studs,
joists, or furring.
 Should be ¼ to 3/8” wide
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Use temporary nailing or bracing to ensure full
contact of the wallboard.
Joint & Fastener Concealment
1. Apply a bedding coat of compound into the
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
depression formed by the tapered edges of board
over all butt joints
Center reinforcing tape over joint and smooth out.
Press tape by drawing 5-6” knife along joint with
pressure
Apply skim coat over tape.
Apply second coat over tape.
Feather edges and apply third coat.
Sand if necessary.
Corners
Outside corners are
reinforced with a metal
corner bead.
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Fasten by nailing into
wallboard and frame
Conceal with joint
compound
Internal corners
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Coat joint compound to
both sides
Fold tape along center
and smooth
Double Layer Construction
Also called two-ply
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Double layer
wallboard apps. over
wood framing
Base can be drywall
or backing board
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A gyp. board with a
gray liner paper on
both sides
Attaching the Layers
Base layers are applied to framing with
staples, nails, or screws
The finish layer is laminated to base
layer with an adhesive or compound
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Joints should be offset at least 10” from
the joints of base layer
Adhesive is usually applied to entire
surface
Boards
Cement board
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Manufactured from a slurry of portland cement
reinforced with polymer-coated fiberglass mesh
embedde3d in both sides.
Rigid or flexible
Moisture Resistant (MR) Wallboard
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Plywood processed to withstand the effects of
moisture and high humidity
light green facing
can be used as base under ceramic tile and other
nonabsorbent finishing materials
Veneer Plaster
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A high-strength material applied as a coat less
than 1/8” thick
Dries rapidly
one- or two- coat application
Predecorated Wallboard
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Usually applied vertically
Walls must be dry before installation
Use of adhesive to bond panels is common
Wallboard on Masonry Walls
Two methods of
preparing masonry
walls for interior finish:
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(top) Wallboard can be
attached to metal furring
channels. Rigid
insulation is used
(bottom) Wood furring
strips and blanket
insulation
Installing Plywood
1. Before, panels should be adjusted to
2.
3.
4.
5.
room temp. and humidity
Plan layout, begin at corner
Cut upward against the panel face
Attach directly to wall studs with nails
or adhesives
Recommended use: ¼” plywood over
½” gypsum wallboard base
Plaster
Qualities:
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Beauty, durability,
economy, fire
protection, structural
rigidity, highly
adaptive to shapes,
and sound resistance
made from gypsum
Plaster Base
Sheet materials and
metal lath
Plaster base
materials:
A. Gypsum lath
B. Insulating fiberboard
lath
C. Perforated gyp. Lath
D. Expanded metal lath
Plaster Materials & Methods
Three-coat work
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Scratch coat
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Brown coat
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Applied directly to plaster base
It is cross-raked after having stiffened
Applied and leveled with the grounds and screeds. A
long flat tool called and darby and rod are used
Finish coat
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Applied when third coat is somewhat dry
Two-coat work
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Scratch coat and brown coat are applied almost
at the same time
Ceiling Tile
Can be installed over
engineered metal strips,
wood furring strips,
solid plaster, drywall, or
smooth continuous
surfaces
Many materials can be
used
Standard size is
12”X12”
Estimating Materials
Determining Area of Rooms
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Ceiling area is usually the same as floor area
 Multiply length times width
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Wall area
 add all the wall lengths together and multiply by the
wall height
Sheet Materials
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Always plan to use the longest practical sheet.
 Divide total length of walls by the width of sheets to find
the number of sheets needed
 Estimate each room separately
Estimated Solid Paneling
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Based on nominal and unfinished size
 Calculate the square footage of the wall to be
covered then multiply by the various factors
taken from lumber tables:
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For 1x6 tongue and groove boards, use 1.17
For 1x8 tongue and groove boards, use 1.16
 On standard vertical applications, add 5% for
waste
Gypsum Lath
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Produced in smaller sections than full
sheets
 Figure the area of the ceiling and add to this
the area of the walls (length of walls x height)
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Prices are normally based on square yards
Ceiling tile are estimated by figuring the
area to be covered (square footage)
Round up