Transcript Pollution Control and Other Measures to Protect

The Strategic Action Programme
for
The Sustainable Management of
Lake Tanganyika
By Nick HODGSON
Facilitator, SAP
Project Objectives
• Ultimate Objective
– “…control pollution and to prevent the loss of the
exceptional diversity of Lake Tanganyika’s International
Waters.”
• Immediate Objective 1
– “…establish a regional long-term management plan for
pollution control, conservation and maintenance of
biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika.”
The Strategic Action Programme
The SAP
• The Concept
– What is a SAP
• The Consultation
– How the SAP was developed
• The Conclusions
– What are the priority actions addressed in the SAP
The Concept
From a Management Plan to
a Strategic Action Programme
• Management of the lake is a continuing activity.
Research, monitoring and evaluation are continuing
activities supporting management.
• Management Plans need to be revised in response to
changes in threats and opportunities, and information.
• The Strategic Action Programme defines an agreed
framework within which management programmes are
developed and revised, and the steps needed to achieve
this framework.
Strategic Action Programmes Evolve
Management of the Lake Resources...
Draft
SAP
Agreed
SAP
Revised
SAP
Prioritised
Management
Interventions
Funded
+
Monitoring &
Evaluation
+
Further Research
Revised
SAP
Revised
Management
Interventions
Funded
+
Monitoring &
Evaluation
+
Further Research
The GEF Approach
The Corner Stones of the SAP
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis carried out by
participating countries, identifying priority concerns
threatening shared lake resources.
Strategic Action Programme prepared by
participating countries, committing them to the
prioritised programme of actions
Regional Convention, signed by participating
countries, formalising national obligations to support
the SAP
The Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
“The centerpiece of the GEF strategy... is the concept of
“strategic joint fact finding” as a means of arriving at a
consensus on what actions are needed to address threats...
collaborating states establish technical teams that work to
establish a common baseline of facts and analysis of the
problem in the form of a transboundary diagnostic analysis
(TDA), which is then used to set (national) priorities for
actions to address threats to international waters in the
form of the SAP.”
Study of GEF’s Overall Performance ; GEF 1998
Strategic Action Programme
The SAP should establish clear priorities that are endorsed
at the highest levels of government and widely
disseminated. Priority transboundary concerns should be
identified, as well as sectoral interventions (policy
changes, program development, regulatory reform,
capacity-building investments, and so on) needed to resolve
the transboundary problems as well as regional and
national institutional mechanisms for implementing
elements of the SAP.”
Operational Strategy of the GEF; GEF 1996
Strategic Action Programme
“... a balanced programme of preventive and remedial
actions, support both investment and capacity-building, and
identify key activities in the following areas:
–Priority preventive and remedial actions
–Cross-cutting issues and linkages to other focal areas
–Institutional strengthening and capacity-building needs
–Stakeholder involvement and public awareness activities
–Program monitoring and evaluation
–Institutional mechanisms for implementation.”
How the SAP Helps Management
• A regional programme establishing:
– agreed principles and objectives for managing the
shared resource of the Lake;
– an initial prioritisation of management interventions
and institutional development.
• A tool to:
– direct national investments towards priorities;
– “leverage” finance from donor agencies for
National and Regional Programmes.
The Consultation Process
Initiating the Process of Consultation
• January 1996, Baseline Reviews summarised available
information
• March 1996, Inception Workshop identified priority
concerns and proposes research priorities
• January 1998, Steering Committee endorsed a process
of consultation for the SAP and the Convention
– led at national level by National Working Groups
– led at regional level by the Technical Advisory
Committee (TAC) SAP Planning Group.
Seven Steps in Developing the SAP
National Consultation Workshops - March to November 1998
Preliminary TDA Workshop - November 1998
SCM Endorses Preliminary TDA - May 1999
Draft SAP Workshop - January 2000
Final TDA Workshop - March 2000
Final SAP Workshop - May 2000
SCM adopt the Final SAP - July 2000
Linking the SAP and the Convention
SAP
1 National Consultation
2 Regional Problem
Analysis and
Prioritisation
3 Draft SAP incorporating
concepts from Draft
Convention
4 SAP Signed
Convention
1 National Consultation
2 Draft Convention
presented to Regional
Meetings
3 Convention incorporates
concepts from signed
SAP
4 SC Endorses Convention
5 Diplomatic Negotiation
Consultation
• Special studies implemented with 125 scientists from
the four countries
• National TDA/SAP consultations involving 80
institutions and 160 individuals
• Regional TAC/SAP planning team involving 18
institutions and 30 individuals
• 16 National Meetings and 16 National Workshops
• 4 Regional Workshops and 3 SCM Discussions
A E Mayawalla Tanzania; A Kabeleka Zambia; A Lugome Tanzania; A Madete Tanzania; A Mphande Zambia; A Muvwende Zambia; Agapit Kabwa Burundi;
AJ Mkama Tanzania; Andrew Menz PCU; Antoine Kiyuku Burundi; B Lukama Zambia; B N Marwa Tanzania; Baluku Bajope DR Congo; Benoit Bihamiriza
Burundi; Benoit Nzigidahera Burundi; Bitijula DR Congo; Boniface Nyakageni Burundi; Bungisabo DR Congo; C Akashambatwa Zambia; C Kabumbu
Zambia; C Kangero Tanzania; C Makundi Tanzania; C Mung’ong’o Tanzania; C Phiri Zambia; C Rumisha Tanzania; C Swai Tanzania; Catherine Msigwa
Tanzania; Cécile Gakima Burundi; Célestin Burundi; D B R Chitamwebwa Tanzania; D Mhalu Tanzania; Damien Nindorera Burundi; Denis Barandemaje
Burundi; Didace Nimpagaritse Burundi; E Bwalya Zambia; E Lenganasa Tanzania; E Makwaia Tanzania; Eddie Allison Biodiversity SS; Elongo Buedi DR
Congo; Elysée Ntiranyibagira Burundi; F Mukome Tanzania; F Nyirenda Zambia; F Stolla Tanzania; Faustin Masanja Tanzania; Francis Chale Tanzania;
François Nkurunziza Burundi; G Chikwama Zambia; G Chilukusha Zambia; G Makinda Tanzania; G Mpango Tanzania; G Mudenda Zambia; G Muwowo
Zambia; G Strunden Tanzania; Gabriel Hakizimana Burundi; Gaspard Niragira Burundi; Gaspard Ntakimazi Burundi; Gayo DR Congo; George Hanek FAO;
George M Chitalu Zambia; Georgina Zulu Zambia; Gerard Cougny GEF; Gérard Ntungumburanye Burundi; Golama DR Congo; Gombo Eunda Matunga DR
Congo; Graeme Patterson Sediment and Pollution SS; H M Mohamed Tanzania; H Mollel Tanzania; H N Kachechele Tanzania; Henry Sichingabula Zambia;
Hidaya M M Faraji Tanzania; Hudson Nkotagu Tanzania; I Aboud Tanzania; Ignace Bandandaza Burundi; J Mwilwa Zambia; J Phiri Zambia; J Shilungushela
Tanzania; J Uronu Tanzania; James Phiri Zambia; JB M S Gilbert Tanzania; Jean Berchmans Manirakiza Burundi; Jean Paul Ledant NRI; Jean-Marie Bukuru
Burundi; Jerome Dukuduku Tanzania; Jerome Karimumuryango Burundi; John Dorr Fishing Practices, SS; K Mazingaliwa Zambia; K Mungule Zambia; K
Siame Zambia; Kalambayi DR Congo; Karen Zwick SS Facilitators; Kayega Tanzania; Kelly West PCU; Kihurnwa Tanzania; Kinezero, Mathias Burundi;
Kinomvyi, Antoine Burundi; Kirit Vaitha Tanzania; Kitungano DR Congo; Kumbu di Mbemba DR Congo; L Mawele Zambia; L Nzali Tanzania; L
Rwebembera Tanzania; Leonard Mwape Zambia; Lukonge Tanzania; M M Shirima Tanzania; M Mbijima Tanzania; M Musaba Zambia; M Nagahusedi DR
Congo; M Nsomi Zambia; M Pearce PCU; M Phiri Zambia; M T Looboki Tanzania; Mady Amule DR Congo; Mandgi DR Congo; Marcelin Burundi; ME
Bashige DR Congo; ME Mbombo DR Congo; Mino-Kahozi Kalibu DR Congo; Misana Tanzania; Mohamed Bahari Tanzania; Msemi Tanzania; Mudherwa
Nshombo CRH-Uvira; Mulimbwa CRH-Uvira; Mulimbwa Nsibula DR Congo; Mwenyi Kaningingi DR Congo; Nakizimana, Gabriel Burundi; Ndimbo
Tanzania; Ndizeye, Pascal Burundi; Nicholas Hodgson NRIe; Niels Henrik Ipsen GEF; Nshombo Mudherwa DR Congo; O Kalumiana Zambia; O Lungu
Zambia; Olivier Drieu SS Facilitator; P Banda Zambia; P Chipungu Zambia; P Chisara Tanzania; P Kimena Zambia; P Nnyiti Tanzania; Palata Kabudi DR
Congo; Pierre Bakevya Burundi; R Chiti Zambia; R Sinyinza Zambia; Rawson Yonazi Tanzania; Richard Paley SS Facilitators; Robert Lindley SS Facilitators;
Roger Kanyaru Burundi; S Capper Tanzania; S Chisamga Zambia; S Kisinto Tanzania; S Mayeye Tanzania; S Nkondokaya Tanzania; S Siachoono Zambia;
Salvator Ruzima Burundi; Shadreck Nsongela Zambia; Stanislas Nzabimana Burundi; Swedi DR Congo; T Killenga Tanzania; T Mwaijande Tanzania; Takoy
Lomema DR Congo; Tharcisse Songore Burundi; Tindyembwa Tanzania; V Lyimo Tanzania; V Macha Tanzania; W Daniel Tanzania; W Malambo Zambia; W
N Sarunday Tanzania; W Y Haule Tanzania; Z Kittina Tanzania; Z Mshanga Tanzania;
National Consultation Reports
Completed October 1998
Preliminary TDA
Endorsed May 1999
Preliminary SAP
Completed February 2000
Final Draft TDA
Completed May 2000
Final Draft SAP
Presented May 2000
The Conclusions
A Programme of Priority Actions
The TDA Reviewed National and Regional
Concerns
• National Workshops identified national concerns and
proposed national actions to counteract threats or
maximise opportunities
• Regional Workshops - the TAC SAP Planning Team of
planners and scientists - reviewed national concerns
and regional concerns within a regional perspective
• Based on best available scientific and management
knowledge - with specific support from the special
studies
The TDA provided a General Framework
for Action
Main Threat to
Biodiversity and
Sustainable Use
Unsustainable
Fisheries
Increasing
Pollution
Excessive
Sedimentation
Habitat
Destruction
Cross-Cutting
Transboundary
Implications
Cross-Cutting
Institutional
Problems
Lack of Resources
Global Loss of
Biodiversity
Poor Enforcement of
Existing Regulations
Loss of Shared
Lack of Appropriate
Fisheries Resource Regulations for Lake
Tanganyika
Decline in Water
Quality
Lack of Institutional
Coordination
General Action
Areas
Reduce Impact of
Fishing
Control Pollution
Control
Sedimentation
Habitat
Conservation
The TDA Defined a Three Level Analytical
Framework
Main Threats to
Biodiversity and
Sustainable Use
Transboundary
Implications
Main Institutional
Causes
General Action
Areas
General Action Area
Specific Problems
Stakeholders
Programme of
Actions
Uncertainties
Time Frame
Programme of
Actions
Key Agency
Availability of
Resources
The TDA Listed and Prioritised Specific
Groups of Actions
• Prioritised on a combination of three criteria:
– The severity of the problem threatening
biodiversity
– The feasibility of a management solution
– The benefits to sustainable development
• Gave a high, medium or low priority rating
The TDA Proposed Priority National Actions
within a Regional Priority Framework
• For the high priority regional specific actions
identified relevant national concerns
• Prepared a detailed matrix which:
– Identified stakeholders, uncertainties and detailed
breakdown of proposed actions
– Reviewed possible timing of actions, key agency
responsibility and availability of resources
The SAP Defines an Interim Lake
Tanganyika Management Body
• With immediate responsibilities:
– To promote the signing of convention and the
establishment of functioning management bodies
required in the convention
– To develop detailed budgeted proposals and source
funding for priority regional actions within the SAP
– To coordinate and support national development of
priority budgeted proposals and facilitate funding
– To maintain an information resource
The SAP Defines an Agreed Programme of
Priority Actions Based on the TDA
• Identifying cross-cutting themes from within the proposed
actions
– Information management; socio-economic development;
institutional reform and capacity building; environmental
education; baseline monitoring
• Defining national priority actions within the regional framework
– Development of a sustainable fisheries; pollution control;
sediment management; habitat conservation
With Actions Addressing the Development
of a Sustainable Fisheries
• Excessive fishing effort in the littoral zone
– Excessive fishing pressure; lack of quota on licenses; comanagement of fisheries
• Excessive fishing effort in the pelagic zone
– Linking to the LTR proposals “Regional Framework Planning
for lake Tanganyika Fisheries Management”; including
artisanal and industrial fishing
• Excessive or uncontrolled extraction of ornamental fish
– Excessive extraction of targeted species
With Actions Addressing Pollution Control
• Urban and Industrial pollution
– domestic effluents; untreated sewage; waste from institutions;
solid waste treatment; factories; power stations; tanneries
• Harbour Pollution
– spillage of oil and other cargoes; waste from boats; storage
• Future mining and oil exploration
– toxic wastes; EIA procedures
• Marine accidents
– risk assessment and contingency planning
With Actions Addressing Sediment
Management
• Promotion of sustainable agriculture
– focused on critical lakeshore and medium scale
catchments; erosion control; extensive agriculture;
stream bank cultivation
• Deforestation
– gazetted protection forests; fuelwood and charcoal;
replanting and rehabilitation of critical areas;
community forest management
With Actions Addressing Habitat
Conservation
• Support of parks management
– existing parks areas cover much of the widespread
species diversity; pressure on parks resources from
adjacent communities; definition of aquatic
boundaries
• Protection of key habitats
– degradation of sensitive coastal areas; protection of
spawning and nursery grounds; wetlands areas
The Next Steps
• Identification of support mechanisms for an interim
period to:
– Promote the finalisation and subsequent signing of
the Convention
– Finalise regional and national detailed, budgeted
project proposals for the priority actions identified
in the SAP
– Negotiate country commitment and incremental
support to implement priority regional and national
actions