Experimental Study on Phase Change Materials in Scaled Models of Dutch Dwellings F. Muthing

A.G. Entrop H.J.H. Brouwers CMS Meeting 2009 June 13 th 2009, Enschede 1

Contents

       Introduction Energy Performance Coefficient Phase Change Materials Research Objectives Field Experiment and Test Boxes Research Framework Questions

Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

2

Introduction (1)

   Bc. Frank Muthing Bachelor theses at Saxion Hogeschool (2006) Mechanical Engineering with specialization Sustainable Energy Technology

Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

3

Introduction (2)

   Energy efficiency and energy saving are ‘hot’ Solar Energy and Heat Buffering Continued field experiment focusing on energy saving with Phase Change Materials (PCMs)  Master theses project

Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

4

Energy Performance Coefficient (EPC)

Energy Performance Coefficient will be lowered to 0.4 in 2015

2,0 1,8 1,6 1,4

1995 1998

1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 Dwellings Offices Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

2000 2003 2006 2009 2015 5

Phase Change Materials (PCM) (1)

Classification Organic PCMs: costly but better physical properties

Introduction PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

6

Phase Change Materials (PCM) (2)

PCM’s offer the possibility to accumulate heat provided (for example) by solar irradiation.

Introduction PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

7

Research question

“What is the influence of using Phase Change Materials in the Dutch built environment and what is the influence of PCM on the Energy Performance Coefficient (EPC) of a standardized Dutch dwelling?”

Introduction PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

8

Modeling

 Visualize energy flows within the simulation model;  Use a software package that is able to calculate with differential equations from heat / mass balances, combined with turbulent flow;  Verify the results of the model with the experimental data.

Introduction PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

9

Test boxes at the test site

Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

10

Dimensions of the test boxes

Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

11

Four different test boxes

Setup is being constructed to conduct outdoor testing.

Setup

Testbox A Testbox B Testbox C Testbox D Insulation material Cellular glass 3.8 (m 2 ·K)/W Cellular glass 3.8 (m 2 ·K)/W Light weight 5.6 (m 2 ·K)/W Phase Change Materials Present ± 5% Absent 0% Present ± 5% Thermal resistance window High 1.1 W/(m 2 ·K) Low 0.5 W/(m 2 ·K) High 1.1 W/(m 2 ·K)

Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

Light weight 5.6 (m 2 ·K)/W Absent 0% Low 0.5 W/(m 2 ·K) 12

Research Methodology (1)

Steps to come to the research objectives: 1. Finalizing research facility; 2. Finding proper software package for modeling (COMSOL, ANSYS or TRNSYS); 3. Specifying boundary conditions; 4. Visually stating the model in relation to the research facility;

Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

13

Research Methodology (2)

5. The results from the simulation model will be verified by using empirical data; 6. Integrate conclusions on the influence of PCM within the Dutch standards to compute the EPC.

Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

14

Preliminary results

30 29 28 27 26 Average box A (°C) Average box B (°C) Average box C (°C) Average box D (°C) 20 19 18 17 16 25 24 23 22 21 15 15 :0 0 20 :0 0 01 :0 0 06 :0 0 11 :0 0 16 :0 0 21 :0 0 02 :0 0 07 :0 0 12 :0 0 17 :0 0 22 :0 0 03 :0 0 08 :0 0 13 :0 0 18 :0 0 23 :0 0 04 :0 0 09 :0 0 14 :0 0 19 :0 0 00 :0 0 05 :0 0 10 :0 0 15 :0 0 20 :0 0 01 :0 0 06 :0 0 11 :0 0 16 :0 0 21 :0 0 02 :0 0 07 :0 0

Tim e (hours) Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

15

Expectations

   Empirical results show that the EPC decreases at least 0.03; Difficulties with modelling; End of this research project will be approximately December 2009

Introduction - PCM – Field experiment – Research Methodology - Questions

16

Questions

Thank you for your attention!

Introduction - PCM – Field experiment –Research Methodology Questions

17