Transcript Chapter 1
Mata Kuliah : Perilaku Organisasional Buku acuan : Gibson, Ivancevich, Donelly (2000). Organization: behavior, structure, process. McGraw-Hill
The study of Organizational Behavior
Organisasi sebagai sistem
Sebagai
kesatuan sosial
yang memiliki
batas yang dapat diidentifikasi
dan
tujuannya
dinyatakan dengan jelas dengan
sistem aktifitas yang terstruktur.
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1. Organisasi merupakan sistem terbuka.
2. Seperangkat elemen-elemen yang saling terkait dan berhubungan yang memperoleh input dari lingkungannya, memproses/transformasikan, dan menghasilkan output pada lingkungan eksternal.
3. Organisasi juga merupakan sistem sosial; bentuk khusus dari sistem terbuka yang mengandalkan pada individu dan kelompok orang-orang yang bekerja bersama dalam cara yang terstruktur dan terkoordinasi.
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The Organizational System 4/28/2020
Sistem Lingkungan Subsistim Nilai-nilai
dan tujuan -Budaya -Pilosofi -Tujuan; Organisasi, Kelompok, Individu
Subsistem Manajerial Subsistem Teknika
-Pengetahuan -Teknik-teknik -Fasilitas -Peralatan
Subsistem Psychosocial
Sikap, Persepsi, Motivasi, Kepemimpinan, Komunikasi, Hub interpersonal Penetapan Tujuan Perencanaan Integrasi SD Pengimplementasian Pengendalian
Subsistem Struktural
Tugas, Aliran pekerjaan, wewenang, aliran informasi, prosedur, aturan MQM 421/Srping 2006 4
Subsistem Teknikal;
Terdiri dari tugas-tugas yang disyaratkan untuk menghasilkan produk atau output organisasi (mis: komputer)
Subsistem Struktural;
Subsistem Menentukan divisi dari pekerjaan dalam organisasi.
Organisasional chart
merupakan bagian yang integral dari subsistim ini.
Psikososial;
Orang-orang dan hub mereka satu sama lainnya menjadi elemen utama.
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Subsistem Manajerial;
Cara-cara formal atau informal yang digunakan manajer untuk menjalankan tugas.
Subsistem Nilai dan Tujuan;
Sifat dan kualitas tujuan merupakan bagian subsistim ini. Penekanan bukan hanya pada reward tetapi pencapaian hasil.
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What is an Organization?
1. Consciously coordinated social unit 2. Composed of two or more people 3. Functions on a continuous basis to achieve a common goal 4. Characterized by formal roles that define the behavior of its members 4/28/2020 MQM 421/Srping 2006 7
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The Characteristics of an Organization
People Purpose Structure MQM 421/Srping 2006 8 3
Supervise Others Top Managers Middle Managers First-Line Managers Front-Line Employees
The Levels of an Organization 4/28/2020 MQM 421/Srping 2006
Work on Jobs
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Challenges Facing Organizations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Globalization Changing nature of competition Demographic changes and diversity Lack of interpersonal (people) skills Changing nature of competitive advantage, including innovation 6.
7.
8.
9.
Managing change Changes in the employee – employer relationship, including declining loyalty Increase in the number and severity of work/life conflicts Importance of ethics 4/28/2020 MQM 421/Srping 2006 10
Organizational Behavior
1. The study of human perceptions, attitudes, behavior, and thus performance in organizations 2. Intended to help us predict and control behavior and performance outcomes 3. Behavior is influenced by personal and situational factors 4/28/2020 MQM 421/Srping 2006 11
Contributing Disciplines
Psychology seeks to measure,explain, and change behavior Sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings
Social psychology
focuses on the influence of people on one another Political science is the Anthropology is the study of the study of societies behavior of individuals to learn about human and groups within beings and their activities
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a political environment
See Exhibit 1.3, p. 10, for additional detail
Foundations of Organizational Behavior
Psychology Individual Sociology Group Social Psychology Anthropology Political Science
Prentice Hall, 2001
Organization
Chapter 1
Study of Organizational Behavior
13
Understanding Organizational Behavior
Individual Differences Fundamental Consistencies Intuition
Prentice Hall, 2001 Chapter 1
Systematic Study
14
Basic OB Model, Stage I
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EXHIBIT 3-8 What may happen in traditional objective setting.
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Assumptions
1.
2.
3.
4.
OB follows principles of human behavior – each persons is different. Employee as a unique embodiment Organizations are social systems – authority, status, and power, and people have varying needs Multiple factors shape OB – no one best way to manage Structure and process affect organizational behavior and emergent culture.
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Three Perspectives on effectiveness
Individual effectiveness Group effectiveness Organizational effectiveness 4/28/2020 MQM 421/Srping 2006 18
Causes of effectiveness
Individual effectiveness Causes Ability Knowledge Attitude Motivation Stress 4/28/2020 Group effectiveness Causes Cohesiveness Leadership Structure Status Roles Norms MQM 421/Srping 2006 Organizational effectiveness Causes Environment Technology Strategic Choice Structure Process Culture 19
Three ways to think about effectiveness
1. Goal approach. Emphasize the central role of goal achievement 2. System theory 3. Stakeholders approach 4/28/2020 MQM 421/Srping 2006 20