Transcript Ramadan

Ramadhan
Introduction
Ramadhan
Introduction
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In Islam, a sacred month of fasting
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The first revelation of the Quran
is commemorated in this month
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9th month of the Muslim year
Because of the purely lunar calendar,
it falls in different seasons
Ramadhan
Introduction
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Month for devotion and acts of atonement
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Fasting during the daylight hours of Ramadhan
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Indulgence of any sort is forbidden during the fast
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Increased praying and charity encouraged
Ramadhan
Introduction
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Ramadhan fast, one of the Five Pillars of Islam
End of fasting celebrated as one of the
important religious holidays of Islam, Eid ul Fitr.
Ramadhan
Fasting
Hadith
Muslim
Hadith Qudsi
I swear by the One in Whose Hand is the soul of
Muhammad, the breath of the faster is sweeter to
Allah on the Day of Judgment than the scent of
musk.
Ramadhan
The Principle
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The principle behind Saum
is to understand the plight of the poor and needy
pledge to live a more significant and meaningful life
Hadith
Prophet Mohammedsaw said
"if a person observing fast does not shun untruth,
his having given up eating and drinking is of little
value. Such a person starves for nothing. And those
who rise in the midnight to recite prayers but do not
give up untruth and evil deeds, lose their sleep for
nothing”
Ramadhan
The Fast
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For thirty days
abstain from food, drink, evil thoughts and sensual
indulgences
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from shortly before sunrise to shortly after sunset
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due reward for fasting
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one who takes this obligation lightly is a sinner
Ramadhan
The Niyyat
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Intent of fasting
could be verbal and in any language
preferable to make Niyyat during night
i.e. prior to Subah Sadiq
without Niyyat, Saum is mere starvation
(time limit for validity of Niyyat for Saum is before the time of Nisfun-
Nahar i.e. midday in terms of the Shariah)
Ramadhan
Meals
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Special meals of the Saum :
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Suhoor
before the Fajr prayers
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Iftar
evening meal
often eaten communally
often including dates
Quran
Surah al Baqarah: 187
ّ ‫َفاآلنَ َباشِ ُروهُنَّ َوا ْب َت ُغو ْا َما َك َت َب‬
ْ ‫للاُ َل ُك ْم َو ُكلُو ْا َوا‬
‫ش َر ُبو ْا‬
ِِ ‫ض مِنَ ا ْل َخ ْيطِ األَ ْْ َو‬
ُ ‫َح َّتى َي َت َب َّينَ َل ُك ُم ا ْل َخ ْي ُط األَ ْب َي‬
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“...And now associate with them and seek what Allah
has ordained for you and eat and drink until the
white thread of dawn appears to you distinct from its
black thread.”
Hadith
Ahmed
The Messenger of Allahsaw said :
"Sahuur is a blessed meal, do not neglect it even if it
is a mouthful of drink. For Allah and the Angels bless
those who observe it."
Ramadhan
A Special act
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Of all the pillars of Islam, none is more special
than siyaam/ fasting
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no possibility of Riya or show in fasting
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only Allah knows the one really abstaining
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fasting is considered a special worship
Ramadhan
Benefits
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Why fast?
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to develop patience and self-control
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to learn sympathy for the deprived
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to cleanse the body and mind
Ramadhan
Benefits
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Why fast?
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to gain appreciation for Allah's bounty
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to demonstrate the depth of one's commitment
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to protect against sin.
Ramadhan
Hadith
The Holy Prophetsaw said :
"Satan runs in the circulatory system of the son of
Adam in the same way blood circulates in our
system; so tighten his passages with hunger“
Bukhari and Muslim
Ramadhan
The 3 Grades of Fasting
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Ordinary Fasting
abstaining from food, drink and sexual satisfaction
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Special Fasting
abstinence and keeping ears, eyes, tongue, hands
and feet and allorgans free from sin
Ramadhan
The 3 Grades of Fasting
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Extra-special Fasting
abstinence & total disregard of everything but Allah
- this kind of Fast broken by thinking of worldly
matters
- consists of utmost dedication to Allah
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To this third degree belongs fasting of Prophets, the
awliya and intimates of Allah
Ramadhan
Hadith Qudsi
"All services of the son of Adam are for him except
fasting. It is for Me, and I will reward him for it.
Fasting is a shield. On the day you fast, do not use
obscenity, nor yell at others, nor act ignorantly
towards them. However, if anyone abuses you
verbally or attempts to draw you to fight with him,
say 'I am fasting' two times. The Prophet (saas) then
states: I swore by the One (Allah) in Whose Hand is
the soul of Muhammad, the breath of the faster is
sweeter to Allah on the Day of Judgment than the
scent of musk. The faster experiences enjoyment
twice: he is pleased when he breaks his fast, and he
is pleased when he meets his Maker"
(Muslim)
Ramadhan
Fasting
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Fasting is a shield
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protects believer from sin (ma'asi)
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eating increases blood flow and energy levels
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making easier for Satan to use ones own energy level
to tempt to commit sins
Ramadhan
A test
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The fast is the single most important device to
test
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the Iman
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the depth of sincerity
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commitment to the concept of Tauheed
Hadith
Tirmidhi
The Messenger of Allahsaw has been reported as
saying:
"There are three categories of people whose
supplications will not be rejected:
- the person who observes the fast until he breaks it,
- a just ruler,
- and a person who has been oppressed."
Ramadhan
Sunnahs of Fasting
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6 duties in fasting known as Sunnahs
- Sehri or predawn meals
- Iftar immediately after sunset
- Tarawih Salaat at night
- Feed the poor and hungry
- Increased reading of the Holy Quran
- I’tikaaf during the last ten days of Ramadhan
Ramadhan
Mustahabs of Fasting
To partake of Sehri
To delay the Sehri upto a little Subha Sadiq
To break one's fast immediately after sunset
To break one's fast with dates and water
To make Niyyat at night
Hadith
Bukhari, Fath ul Baari No.1933
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"If he forgets (about the fast) and eats or
drinks absent-mindedly, then he should
continue his fast, because it was Allah who fed
him."
In another narration, "and there is no day
owed nor expiation required."
Ramadhan
Makroohat of Fasting
To chew gum, rubber, plastic items etc
To taste food/drink and spit it out
(If husband very ill-tempered, permissible for wife to
taste food without swallow it)
Collecting saliva in the mouth and swallowing it to
quench thirst
Delay a bath that has become FARZ knowingly until
after Subha Sadiq
Ramadhan
Makroohat of Fasting
Using paste/tooth powder. (Miswaak permitted)
Complain of hunger and thirst
Taking water too much up the nostrils (when
cleaning the nose)
To gargle more than necessary
To quarrel, argue, use filthy or indecent words
To backbite, tell a lie and swear etc. are sinful acts
Ramadhan
Regarding Children
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The normal rule
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After age 7
:
order child to observe Saum
No Qadha if child breaks the fast
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By age 10
:
compel child to fast in Ramadhan
Ramadhan
Qaza saum
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Compensate unobserved fasts
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are Wajib
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without needless delay
make Niyyat at night i.e. before Subah Sadiq
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omission due to Haidh/Nifaas must be made up
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Qadha saum need not be consecutive
Fidyah wajib if Qaza saum not posiible
Ramadhan
Kaffarah
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Penalty for deliberate nullification of Sawm of
Ramadhan
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fasting 60 consecutive days
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those unable to fast can
feed 60 needy 2 meals a day
or pay the amount in cash (Sadaqah Fitr)
or give 2kgs flour per poor