Transcript Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere

Myers: Psychology,
Seventh Edition
PRS Questions:
Chapter 8
Pavlov noticed that dogs began
salivating at the mere sight of the
person who regularly brought food to
them. For the dogs, the sight of this
person was a(n):
1.
2.
3.
4.
primary reinforcer.
unconditional stimulus.
immediate reinforcer.
conditioned stimulus.
People have been observed to form
negative attitudes toward Pokémon
characters who were repeatedly shown
with negative words and images next to
them. This best illustrates the impact of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
classical conditioning.
the law of effect.
negative reinforcers.
the overjustification effect.
Long after her conditioned fear of spiders
had been extinguished, Marcy
experienced an unexpected surge of
nervousness when first shown her
cousin's new pet tarantula. Her
unexpected nervousness best illustrates:
1.
2.
3.
4.
latent learning.
spontaneous recovery.
delayed reinforcement.
the overjustification effect.
Airline frequent flyer programs that
reward customers with a free flight
after every 25,000 miles of travel
illustrate the use of a ________
schedule of reinforcement.
1.
2.
3.
4.
fixed-interval
variable-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
For some children who bite
themselves or bang their heads,
squirting water into their faces
when they hurt themselves has
been observed to decrease the
frequency of these self-abusive
behaviors.
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This best illustrates the
potential value of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
latent learning.
conditioned reinforcers.
negative reinforcers.
punishment.
If you get violently ill a couple of
hours after eating contaminated
food, you will probably develop an
aversion to the taste of that food but
not to the sight of the restaurant
where you ate or to the sound of the
music you heard there.
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This best illustrates that associative
learning is constrained by:
1.
2.
3.
4.
intrinsic motivation.
spontaneous recovery.
biological predispositions.
conditioned reinforcers.
Critical Thinking
Questions
Martin likes to shower in the men’s
locker room after working out. During
a shower he hears a toilet flushing
nearby. Suddenly boiling hot water
comes out of the showerhead, causing
Martin serious discomfort. Later on in
the shower, he hears another toilet flush
and he immediately jumps out from
under the showerhead.
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In this scenario, what is the
unconditioned response (UCR)?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Jumping out of the shower
Sound of the toilet flushing
Pain avoidance
Boiling hot water
A child is sent to his room with no supper
because he presented a bad report card to
his parents. The parent’s intent was to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
punish poor academic performance.
negatively reinforce poor academic performance.
extinguish poor academic performance.
partially reinforce poor academic performance.
Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that
had become tainted from being in the
sun too long. Not long after eating,
Brian became extremely nauseated
and felt awful. After that, even the
sight of a tuna sandwich caused Brian
to feel nauseated.
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In this scenario what is the
conditioned response (CR)?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tuna
Nausea
Mayonnaise
Sight of any sandwich