19 th SWG-RRD Meeting – 9 December 2010

“Facilitating the area-based development (ABD) approach in rural regions in the Western Balkans” PROJECT

Sergio Gomez y Paloma Geertrui Louwagie Fabien Santini Silvia Saravia Matus European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies – AGRILIFE unit

The Institute for Prospective Technological Studies

• a directorate of the JRC • provides customer-driven support to EU policy making • aims at policy challenges that have a socio-economic and science & technology dimension

The AGRILIFE unit within IPTS AGRILIFE Unit Actions: SUSTAG / AGRITRADE / AGRITECH

The

Western Balkan

Project General objective:

To facilitate local (RURAL) development in the Western Balkans

Specific objectives

1.

To apply the

ABD approach area

in the Western Balkans in a selected

rural cross-border 2.

3.

Disseminate donors

– the ABD strategy and action plan to

MAY 5, 2011 – Belgrade, Serbia

potential

Develop a method using the ABD or SIMILAR participatory approaches for

other rural areas

in the Western Balkans, where such type of intervention may be appropriate

The

TARGET PILOT AREA

Project

Target area: Drina-Tara

Municipalities:

Serbia:

Bajina Bašta, Užice, Priboj, Čajetina, Prijepolje, Ljubovja

Montenegro:

Pljevlja, Bijelo Polje

Bosnia-Herzegovina:

Višegrad, Srebrebnica, Milici, Bratunac, Rudo, Goražde

Project

IMPLEMENTATION

Administrative Arrangement between

DG AGRI

and the

JRC - IPTS Steering Group:

AGRI, ELARG, JRC (meets 5 times)

Advisory Board:

SWG secretariat, FAO, UNDP, OECD, World Bank (meets 3 times) Financial/Logistical Support:

SWG-RRD

Field Research Support:

School on Local Development, Trento

Project

TIMELINE

o

m3 (Sep 2010):

Literature review & Set up of AREA – BASED DEVELOPMENT (ABD) case study target pilot area o

m6 (Dec 2010):

Preliminary assessment of development situation in pilot target area o

m10 (Apr 2011):

target area Completion of ABD approach in pilot o

m12 (May 2011):

Workshop – Donor Conference o

m15 (Sep 2011):

Final report

Project

DEVELOPMENT

A. Case Study

1. Defining a pilot target area

2. Assessing the development situation

the baseline critical needs

priority solutions/interventions 3. Defining the ABD intervention

Participatory

main outcome (desired development situation) specific objectives results

B. Workshop – Donor Conference C. Methodological Package / Mapping & Identification of potential target areas

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

BASELINE ASSESSMENT & PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

Assessment of the

baseline development situation

Identification of

critical needs

&

o Data collection / analysis – Use of statistical yearbooks (municipal level) o Identification of development gaps /problems to be addressed through participatory methods: -Survey / Questionnaire * 14 municipalities) – (280 interviewees = 20 -Local Stakeholder Consultation (1/3 business sector, 1/3 public sector, 1/3 civil society) -DELPHI Group “Helicopter View” (11)

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

Survey / OCT 2010

•Q1: Are you satisfied with the socio-economic development progress in your municipality? (Yes/No) •Q2: Which are the main obstacles to socio-economic development in your municipality and/or your sector of activity? (Open answer) •Q3: What do you think are the main assets for socio-economic development in your municipality in terms of economic sectors and in terms of people and institutions? (Open answer) •Q4: What are in your opinion the present limitations of cross-border interaction with neighbouring countries? What are the possibilities/opportunities? (Options) •Q5 : Which of the following should be a focus of cross-border interaction with neighbouring countries? (Options) •Q6: List three priority actions for promoting development in your area. (Open answer)

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

Survey / OCT 2010 Q1 Satisfaction

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

Survey / OCT 2010 Q2 - Obstacles

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Survey / OCT 2010 Q3 -

Key players

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Survey / OCT 2010 Q4 -

Obstacles CBC

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Survey / OCT 2010 Q5 – Opportunities CBC

Survey / OCT 2010 Q6 Key Priorities

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Quantitative Data: (1) Openness & Dynamism Indicators

Bajina Basta Priboj Uzice Cajetina Prijepolje Ljubovija Pljevlja Bjelo Polje Visegrad Srebrenica Rudo Milici Bratunac Gorazde 2008 Population change (2005-2008) (%) 0,037 -4,5 -2,2 -1,5 -2,2 -5,8 0 0 -1,9 0,3 -2,1 -0,5 -0,8 -1,2 % of upper secondary & higher education on labour force Number of CSOs per 5000 inhabitants 6,6 9,1 13,9 7,5 7,6 5,8 7,6 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 13 3 4 3 11 4 6 57 n/a 10 n/a 2 10 57 Number of firms per 5000 inhabitants 120 194 273 298 231 n/a 109 n/a 23 13 49 90 100 n/a Self employment rate (%) 34,1 28,4 25,6 27,5 27,3 47,1 n/a n/a 11,7 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Total length of roads per area (km/km²) 1,38 0,26 0,61 0,69 0,52 0,5 0,48 0,42 0,57 0,42 0,15 0,92 0,68 1 % of roads modern surfacing on total roads in municipal territory 41,6 63,4 72 63,4 49,3 42,4 69,8 72,8 25,3 13,5 26,9 12,5 61,3 n/a

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Quantitative Data: (1) Openness & Dynamism Indicators

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Quantitative Data: (1) Openness & Dynamism Indicators

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Quantitative Data: (2) Diversity of Local Economy & Agriculture

2008 Bajina Basta Priboj Uzice Cajetina Prijepolje Ljubovija Pljevlja Bjelo Polje Visegrad Srebrenica Rudo Milici Bratunac Gorazde Employment rate 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 0,2 Hotels and restaurants (% of total registered legal entities) Agricultural land as percentage of total area 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,0 n/a 0,0 n/a 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,4 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,4 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 Share of agricultural population on total population 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,2 0,1 0,3 0,1 n/a n/a 0,2 n/a n/a n/a n/a

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Quantitative Data: (2) Diversity of Local Economy & Agriculture

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Quantitative Data: (2) Diversity of Local Economy & Agriculture

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Quantitative Data: (3) Local Government Capacity

2008 Bajina Basta Priboj Uzice Cajetina Prijepolje Ljubovija Pljevlja Bjelo Polje Visegrad Srebrenica Rudo Milici Bratunac Gorazde Allocation of budget Education Health and social work n/a 0,50 0,15 0,14 0,66 0,28 n/a 0,10 0,53 0,31 0,08 0,25 n/a n/a n/a 0,03 n/a n/a n/a 0,00 n/a n/a n/a 0,04 n/a n/a n/a 0,00 Public administration n/a 0,28 0,07 0,41 0,19 0,27 n/a n/a n/a 0,25 n/a n/a n/a 0,38 Local development startegy n/a 0,08 0,23 0,06 0,02 0,19 n/a n/a n/a 0,33 n/a n/a n/a 0,26

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

Stakeholder Group - Composition

Private sector organisations; 13 Municipalities; 14 Civil society organisations; 17

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

Local Stakeholder Consultation: 6 Thematic working groups: -Environmental Protection -Tourism -Infrastructure -Rural development (focus on agriculture) -SME’s & entrepreneurship -Human Resource Development (education & vocational training) 5 meetings: 1NOV – 29 NOV – 20 DEC – 24 JAN – 7 FEB Steps: ID needs – Set priorities – ID inputs – Plan Output & Exit Strategy

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

DELPHI Group - Composition

2 4 SWG-RRD ACADEMIC NGO 5

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

DELPHI Group - Activities

1 st Phase 2 nd Phase OCT 2010 NOV – DEC 2010 3 rd Phase JAN – FEB 2011

 Set up & Introduction to the project  Identification of common development needs & priorities (based on questionnaire findings and baseline assessment)  Evaluation of key/strategic development actions  Contribution to local and international project-related conferences

Project Workshop –

DONOR CONFERENCE

Key OBJECTIVES: Disseminate

the DRINA TARA pilot case study results among the INTERNATIONAL DONOR COMMUNITY - Raise awareness on adapted ABD potential use in

other potential target areas

in the Western Balkans - Seek

commitment

to participate in implementation

Project –

METHODOLOGICAL PACKAGE

Present an adapted

methodology

for participatory based development programmes in RURAL & CROSS BORDER areas in the Western Balkans: o Build on the existing (ABD & local development approaches / LEADER / cross border) experiences o Draw lessons from the pilot case study o Prepare a dissemination plan Mapping exercise – CROSS BORDER

Identification

of other potential RURAL & areas suitable for participatory development interventions

Thank you for your attention

Extra slides on PROJECT LITERATURE REVIEW: ABD

Project

LITERATURE REVIEW

UNDP ABD Origins (1980’s) Afghanistan

Rural Rehabilitation Programme (ARRP)

Central America

– Programme for Displaced Persons, Refugees

and Repatriated (PRODERE)

Sudan

Stabilization and Development Schemes

Project

LITERATURE REVIEW

ABD Definition

ABD targets

specific geographical areas

in a country, characterised by a

particular complex development problem

, through an

integrated, inclusive, participatory

approach. (Harfst, 2006) and

flexible

ABD Theoretical Background

Endogenous Growth Theory / Endogenous Development Participation / Decentralisation Holistic / Multi-sectoral

Project

LITERATURE REVIEW

ABD Implementation & Evaluation When to implement ABD

Am I dealing with a clearly identifiable area that has unique or specific problems that sets it apart from other areas in the country and therefore merits special attention?

Is the development situation in the area relatively simple (i.e. confined to one sector or issue with clearly identifiable causes and effects or is the situation complex and multi-dimensional where causes and effects are heavily interlinked ?

(Harfst, 2006)

Project

LITERATURE REVIEW

From theory to practice: ABD Implementation & Evaluation Examples of ABD Evaluation Reports Programme Area

Programme for Rehabilitation and Sustainable Social Development in Bosnia Herezegovina PROGRESS BiH Municipal Improvement Revival Programme – MIR I & II & 7 war-damaged municipalities in the northwest of Bosnia Herzegovina South Serbia - 13 municipalities Municipal development in South West Serbia project – PRO I & II West Serbia – 8 municipalities X X

Components PAG CE BIS

X X X

LED

X X X X X

SDA CPT

X

PIR

X X X

PAG –

Public Administration & Participatory Governance

; CPE –

Community Participation & Empowerment

; BIS – –

Basic Infrastructure & Services Social Development & Assistance

; CPT – ; LED –

Local Economic Development Conflict Prevention & Tolerance Promotion

; SDA ; PIR –

Policy & Institutional Reform

Project

LITERATURE REVIEW

Other Approaches to Local Rural Development

* INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT * PARTICIPATORY NEGOTIATED TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT * COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT * LEADER

LEADER VS ABD Some similarities: area-based / bottom-up integrated & multi-sectoral actions Some differences: no area-specific complex development problem required / not necessarily inclusive (target groups) / poor consideration rural-urban linkages / Rural towns limited to areas with 5 000 100 000 inhabitants (< NUTS 3)

Project

LITERATURE REVIEW

Experiences of Cross-border Cooperation (CBC) INTERREG-A

Factors for successful and effective CBC: legal framework for CBC, quality of partnerships , degree of institutionalisation

Project

LITERATURE REVIEW

Recommendations / Lessons for ABD

ABD intervention – design

- Accurately define

target area

- Focus intervention on

needs and priorities of the area

- Promote

early involvement of stakeholders & donors

- Ensure

unbiased participation

- Match resources (

time

, budget ) with objectives

- Guarantee

coherence: ABD program with macro-situation

Project

LITERATURE REVIEW

Recommendations / Lessons for ABD

ABD intervention – Management

-

Coordinate activities (also across donors)

-

Monitor and evaluate regularly

- Reduce transaction costs - Foresee

exit strategy