Transcript 幻灯片 1
Unit Eight Section A Genius Characters Teaching Plan Ⅰ. Objectives Ⅱ. New Words and Phrases Ⅲ. Lead-in Ⅳ. Cultural Notes Ⅴ. Language Points and Sentence Explanation Ⅵ.Assignments Ⅰ. Objectives After studying this text, students are expected to be able to: 1. talk about their own character; 2. talk about the qualities of great people; 3. Tell the stories of great people mentioned in the text; 4. master new words, phrases, language points, and understand the text. Ⅱ. New Words and Phrases 1. genius n. 1. [C] a person of very great ability or very high intelligence 天才人物；才子 In the field of physics, Albert Einstein was a genius. 艾 伯特·爱因斯坦是物理学界的天才。 2. [U] great and rare powers of thought, skill, or imagination 天才；天赋 Genius is nothing but labor and intelligence. 天才不是 别的，就是努力加聪明。 2. describe n. say what something is like; give a picture of in words 描述； 描写 Try to describe exactly how it happened. 尽量准确描 述一下这件事是如何发生的。description n. describable a. descriptive a. 3. wander vi. 1. move about or away from (an area), usually on foot, without a fixed course, aim, or purpose 漫步；闲逛 We wandered around for hours looking for the shop. 我们转 了几个小时找那家商店。 2. (of a person or thoughts) be or become confused and unable to make or follow ordinary conversation 走神；开小 差 Her mind is wandering off along a track of its own. 她思想 开起了小差，正在胡思乱想。 4. search vi. try to find something by looking or seeking carefully and thoroughly 搜寻；探求 They searched for the missing boy everywhere, but they could not find him. 他们到处寻找失踪的男孩，但是没有 找到。 vt. look at, through, into, etc., or examine (a place or person) carefully and thoroughly to try to find something 在……中搜 寻；搜查 The police searched the whole building for the criminal, but they did not find him. 警方搜寻了整个大楼，但是没有找 到那个罪犯。 5. strike vt.1.hit sharply or forcefully 打；击；撞击 Waves were striking against their boat. 波浪拍打着他们的船。 2. have a particular (strong) effect on; impress 给以……感受 He strikes me as a very smart person. 他给我的印象是为人 很精明。 n. [C] a time when no work is done because of disagreement, e.g. over pay or working conditions 罢工；罢课；罢市 The strike has lasted for three months. 罢工已经持续3个月 了。 6. crash n. 1. [C] an accident in which a vehicle or plane hits something violently and is damaged or destroyed （飞机）坠 毁；(车辆)猛撞 The news of the plane crash filled us with horror. 飞机坠毁 的消息让我们充满了恐惧。 2. [C] a sudden severe business failure 失败；破产 What brought about the crash of the country's stock market? 是什么导致了该国证券市场的崩溃？ 7. ruin vi. destroy or spoil (completely) 毁坏；毁灭 Sickness, combined with terrible weather, ruined our trip. 身 体不适和恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅行。 n.1. [U] (something that causes) complete failure or loss of one's money, position, moral standards, etc.; downfall 毁灭； 垮台 Bad management caused the company's ruin. 经营不善导致 这家公司破产。 2. (plural) the remains of a building that has fallen down or been (partly) destroyed 废墟 About forty thousand people live near the ruins of the World Trade Center. 大约有四万人住在世贸中心大楼废墟附近。 8. inspiration n. [U; C] something or someone which gives a person the urge or the ability to do something, esp. to produce works of the imagination 灵感；妙计 Wordsworth found his inspiration in the Lake District scenery. 华兹华斯在湖畔美景中找到了灵感。 inspire vt. 1. be the force which produces (usually a good result) 使 产生灵感；启示 An incident in his childhood inspired the poem. 孩提时代的 一件事情给了他写这首诗的灵感。 2. encourage in (someone) the desire and ability to take effective action, by filling with eagerness, confidence, etc. 鼓 舞；激励 International games today can inspire the national spirit. 如今， 国际比赛可以鼓舞国家士气。 9. persuade vt. 1. make (someone) willing to do something by reasoning, arguing, repeatedly asking, etc. 说服；劝服 We are trying to persuade the students here not to buy these products. 我们正试图劝说这里的学生不要买这些产品。 2. cause to believe or feel certain; convince 使相信 He cannot persuade the doorman that he lives in this hotel. 他 无法使门卫相信他住在这座酒店里。 persuasion n. persuasive a. 10. operate vt. 1. (cause to) work or be in action; (cause to) function 操作； （使）运转 You have to show us how to operate the machine. 你得给我 们演示一下如何操作这台机器。 2. cut the body in order to set right or remove a diseased part, usually in an operating theatre 动手术 Has the doctor decided to operate on him? 医生决定给他做 手术了吗？ operation n. 11. put... into practice carry out 将……付诸实践；使……生效 Their agreement proves to be useless in court as related rules have not been put into practice. 由于相关法规尚未实施，因 此他们的协议在法庭上无效。 12. search for try to find something by looking or seeking carefully and thoroughly 寻找 Most of the people had come to search for gold. 多数人都是 来淘金的。 13.get off the ground be successfully started 飞离地面；取得进展 There is no hope of getting our plan off the ground without his support. 没有他的支持，我们的计划无法起步。 Ⅲ. Lead-in Students are encouraged to discuss the following questions: 1. How would you describe your character? 2.What kind of life do you think is a successful life? 3.What qualities do you think necessary and important for someone to become a genius? 4. Do you know anything about such great people as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo , Bill Gates，Orville and Wilbur Wright，Thomas Edison，Mozart，Albert Einstein and Sophocles. Generally, the text can be divided into three parts: Part 1 (para.1-2) Thesis statement: Their lives hold many of the secrets to having great ideas and putting them into practice. Part 2 (para.3-14) Six important qualities of being a genius: --- Have fun. --- Be curious. --- Be brave. --- Keep trying. --- Be inspired. --- Stay fit. Part 3 (para.15) Conclusion: So it is clear then, that to be a genius is to push the limits, in your mind, and beyond. Ⅳ. Cultural Notes Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519) Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer. His genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, mirrored the Renaissance (意大利文艺复兴时期) humanist ideal. His Last Supper (《最后的晚餐》) (1495— 1497) and Mona Lisa (《蒙娜丽莎》) (1503—1506) are among the most widely popular and influential paintings of the Renaissance. His notebooks reveal a spirit of scientific inquiry and a mechanical inventiveness that were centuries ahead of his time. He came from an insignificant background but rose to universal fame. He had almost too many gifts, including superlative male beauty, a splendid singing voice, magnificent physique ( 体 格 ), mathematical excellence, and scientific daring. He was among the very first to take a scientific approach towards works and how we see it. He developed a unique new attitude about machines. By understanding how each separate machine part worked, he could modify them and combine them in different ways to improve existing machines or create inventions no one had ever seen before. Also as an outstanding scientist, he had a keen eye and quick mind that led him to make important scientific discoveries, yet he never published his ideas. He was a gentle vegetarian who loved animals and hated war, yet he worked as a military engineer to invent advanced and deadly weapons. Galileo (1564—1642) Italian physicist and astronomer. He pioneered "experimental scientific method," not subjective judgment. Learning of the invention of the telescope in Holland, he constructed a vastly superior model without any introduction. With it he made a series of profound discoveries, including the moons of planet Jupiter and the phases of the planet Venus (similar to those of Earth's moon). He insisted on the theory proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus that the Earth and all the other planets revolve around the sun. His support for the heliocentric theory got him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church and the Church forced him to publicly withdraw his support of Copernicus and required him to serve his term under house arrest at his villa outside of Florence, Italy. Bill Gates The world's richest person, the main founder of Microsoft Corporation. Born in 1951, Seattle (西雅图), Gates is the second of the three children of William and Mary Gates. Confidence and intelligence are two features that helped Gates attain his goals. Mathematics, business and computing were fields in which Gates had keen interests. At thirteen, Gates enrolled (入学) in Lakeside, a very strict private school, where he began to study computer knowledge. In 1973, he enrolled in Harvard University to study mathematics. In 1975, Gates and Allen founded the Microsoft Corporation in Albuquerque (阿 尔伯克基), New Mexico. In 1979, Bill Gates moved Microsoft from Albuquerque to Seattle. Aiming at producing computer software, the company expanded quickly and became the world's biggest software company. And Bill Gates became the world richest person twenty-five years after his business started. Microsoft Corporation is the biggest software company in America and the world, with a market value of more than 100 billion dollars. Founded by Bill Gates in 1975, the company first wrote an interpreter (解释程序) with BASIC language for a computer company. Then it wrote DOS, a simplified version of an OS, for the successful IBM PC computer. Several years later, Microsoft developed Windows family operating system (Windows操作系统), which was a sweeping success transforming Microsoft from a subordinate of IBM to an independent partner, and later a dominant voice. Now the company's software products cover almost everything that the computer has ever been conceived to do, from movie-making to personal finance operating systems to application development environment, such as Windows, Office, Internet Explorer, Visual Studio, MSN and so on. Orville and Wilbur Wright Wright brothers: Orville, 1871—1948, and elder brother, Wilbur, 1867—1912, American airplane inventors. They achieved the first powered (有动力的), sustained (可稳定飞 行的), and controlled flight of an airplane. In 1899, the Wrights built their first machine, a biplane (双翼飞机) kite, which they fitted with wings that could be mechanically twisted. They completed their first powered machine, the Kitty Hawk, in 1903, and made world's first powered, sustained and controlled airplane flight from level ground without any assistance at takeoff on the morning of December 17, 1903. In 1908 they were able to conclude an agreement for production of the Wright airplane for the US Army. Wilbur made the first public flight on August 8, 1908 in France. Thomas Edison (1847—1931) American scientist and inventor, patented (获得专利) 1,093 inventions in his lifetime. The most famous of his inventions was the electric lighting. When he was born, society still thought of electricity as a novelty (新生事物). By the time he died, entire cities were lit by electricity. Much of the credit for that progress goes to him. Besides the light bulb, he also invented the phonograph (留声机) and made improvements to the telegraph, telephone and motion picture technology. He also founded the first modern research laboratory. He believed in hard work, and was often quoted as saying, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." To remember this important American , electric lights in the United States were dimmed for one minute on October 21, 1931, a few days after his death. Mozart (1756—1791) Austrian musical composer (作曲家), also one of the premier musical composers known to mankind. He showed musical gifts at a very early age, and began to compose when he was five. Throughout his lifetime, he produced twentytwo operas, forty-one symphonies, forty-two concertos (协奏 曲), hundreds of sonatas (奏鸣曲), serenades, (小夜曲) religious songs, etc. A few of his famous operas are: The Marriage of Figaro (《费加罗的婚礼》), Don Giovanni (《唐璜》), Cosi fan tutte (《女人心》), and The Magic Flute (《魔笛》). Albert Einstein (1879—1955) German-American theoretical physicist, known for the formulation of the relativity theory. His important works include Special Theory of Relativity (《狭义相对论》) (1905), Relativity (《相对论》), General Theory of Relativity (《广义相对论》) (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (《布朗运动理论研究》) (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (《物理学的进化》) (1937). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (《犹太复国 主义》) (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (《我的世 界观》) (1934), and Out of My Later Years (《晚年集》) (1950) are perhaps the most important. His works radically changed the way we think about the world. He is recognized as one of the greatest physicists of all time. He was also the Nobel Prize winner in physics in 1921. Sophocles (496 B.C.—406 B.C.) Greek tragic dramatist, philosopher, and politician (悲剧作家、 哲学家及政治家). Sophocles wrote 123 dramas in his lifetime. As a man of wealth, charm and genius, he was given posts of responsibility both in peace and in war times by the Athenians (雅典人). He was a general and a priest; after his death he was worshiped (崇拜) as a hero. Italy Officially Italian Republic, with a population of 58,262,000 in 2003 and a land area of 301,225 square kilometers. The country is situated in south Europe, and borders on France in the northwest. It includes the large Mediterranean (地中海的) islands and several small islands. Vatican (梵蒂冈) City and San Marino (圣马力诺) are two independent enclaves (飞地；在本国境内隶属另一国的一 块领地) on the Italian mainland. Rome (罗马) is its capital and the largest city. Ⅴ. Language Points and Sentence Explanation 1. It can remember and calculate quickly and accurately, and handle great amounts of information—but it can't think about the information like we can. Meaning: It can remember and work the numbers out very rapidly without making any mistakes; it can also deal with large amounts of information instantly, but unlike human beings, it can't think about the information. Notice here "like" is used as a conjunction, just like "as". 2. Study the great human geniuses and you'll see that they all have special parts to their character, qualities that allow them to go beyond everything previously achieved. Meaning: If you take a careful look at the great human geniuses, you will find that they all have something special in their character. These special qualities enable them to achieve more than what had been achieved before. 3. Their lives hold many of the secrets to having great ideas and putting them into practice. Meaning: Their lives include many of the secrets which enable people not only to have great ideas, but also to realize them. 4. Leonardo da Vinci was well known for his jokes and funny stories. Galileo had a busy social life and was another great joker. Meaning: Leonardo da Vinci was widely known because of his jokes and interesting stories. Galileo lived a busy social life and was also a person good at telling jokes. be well known for: known by many people for 因……而闻名 She chose to visit that country as it is very well known for its summer beauty. 她选择去那个国家旅游是因为那里以夏日风光而闻名。 5. Bill Gates, the world's richest man, and the genius behind Microsoft, has been described as "a big teenager." Meaning: Bill Gates, the world's richest man, and the genius who founded Microsoft, has been said to be "a big boy," a person who is supposed to like having fun. 6. He once said that one of his favorite hobbies was playing with earthmoving equipment on building sites! Meaning: He once said that one of the things that he enjoyed doing most in his spare time was to play with the machine that was used to move the soil in places where people are putting up buildings. 7. Geniuses spend their lives asking questions about the world around them. Meaning: Geniuses have been asking questions about the world around them throughout their lives. Notice the following structures: spend time/money doing something 花时间或钱做某事，后接动名词。 He spent a whole year writing the paper. 他花了整整一年写这篇论文。 Many children spend their weekends taking extra lessons. 许多小孩周末都在上额外的课程。 spend time/money on something 在……方面花时间或钱，后接名词。 He spent all his money on the new house. 他把所有的钱都花在了新房子上。 You should spend more time on sports. 你应多花些时间进行体育锻炼。 8. Leonardo da Vinci filled many notebooks with his questions that he wanted to answer. Meaning: Leonardo da Vinci often noted down a lot of questions that he wanted to answer in many books of plain paper. 9. I wandered about the countryside searching for answers to things I did not understand:… Meaning: I walked slowly about in the countryside, thinking, and trying to find answers to the things I did not understand. 10. … why thunder lasts longer than that which causes it... Meaning: … why the loud noise caused by lightning lasts longer than the flash of it... Notice "that which causes it" refers to the lightning itself, and more specifically, to the flash. 11. … how the various circles of water form around the spot that has been struck by a stone... Meaning: … how the various circles of water are formed around the place that has been hit by a stone... 12. Orville and Wilbur Wright had many crashes and ruined many planes before they finally got off the ground. Meaning: The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, fell from the sky in their planes many times and damaged many planes before they finally got their machine to fly off the ground. 13. Inventor Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before he managed to turn electricity into light. Meaning: Inventor Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before he successfully turned electric power into light. 14. Geniuses must also be prepared to shock people. Meaning: Geniuses must also be ready to accept the fact that people may be extremely surprised at their strange ideas (and thus may strongly object to their ideas.) 15. New ideas can seem strange and even frightening to others, and great thinkers are often described as being odd and foolish. Meaning: The new ideas of geniuses can appear strange and can even cause fear to other people. Those who are able to have great ideas are often said to be strange and silly. 16. Thomas Edison once said that genius was "one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." Meaning: Thomas Edison once said that genius is made up of one percent of gifted talent and ninety-nine percent of hard work. 17. To become a genius you must be prepared to work long and hard, often in the face of great difficulties. Meaning: In order to become a genius, you must be ready to work long and hard, and you will often have to face and overcome great difficulties. 18. Be inspired. Meaning: Be able to come up with new ideas from what you see. 19. The answers you're looking for may be close by—you just have to know where to look. Meaning: The answers you're trying to find may be near at hand. The problem is you have to know where to find them. 20. Travel is another good source of inspiration. Meaning: Travel is another good way for you to form new and great ideas. 21. While still a teenager, Albert Einstein persuaded his parents to let him tour the main cities of Italy. Meaning: While he was still a teenager, Albert Einstein managed to talk his parents into allowing him to visit the main cities of Italy. 22. Stay fit. Meaning: Keep yourself physically healthy. 23. So it's very important for your body to be operating at its best so that your mind can also function powerfully. Meaning: Therefore, it's very important for you to keep your body running in its best state. Only in this way can your mind work most efficiently. Ⅵ.Assignments Ⅰ.Students are required to finish the exercises after the text. P145-P150 Ⅱ.Presentation Students are divided into 6 groups, and each group will select two representatives to make presentations on qualities of great people and their stories.