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Experimental Studies of Quark Gluon Plasma at RHIC
ShinIchi Esumi
Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Tsukuba
Collective expansion of QGP
Enegy loss of partons in QGP
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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QGP
Hadron
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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BNL
CERN
STAR experiment
ALICE experiment
PHENIX experiment
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Chemical freeze-out
the end of inelastic interactions,
when the particle species and ratios
are frozen
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
Phys. Rev. C 73(2006) 034905
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Thermal freeze-out
the end of elastic interactions,
when the momentum spectra
are frozen
locally thermal
SPS Pb+Pb
Central
RHIC Au+Au
Central
RHIC Au+Au
Peripheral
collective expansion
radial flow
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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SQM06, Yifei Zhang
nucl-ex/0307024
AuAu Central
charm hadron
AuAu Central
strangeness hadron
SQM06, Yifei Zhang
AuAu Central
, K, p
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Anisotropic flow
x
y
z
sideward flow (v1)
y
elliptic azimuthal event anisotropy
low pT
high pT
x
dN/df
elliptic flow (v2)
initial geometry
final momentum anisotropy
-
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
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
fparticle-FR.P. (rad)
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 052301 (2007)
Partonic collectivity
--- particle identified v2 --Number of constituent quark scaling
in hadron v2 as well as multi-strange
baryon v2: v2 is already established
during the quark phase before the
hadronization. This seems to be true
even for heavy quark like charm.
Hadron
QM08: A.Dion
QM06
STAR preliminary
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Quark momentum distribution
--- extracted from multi-strange hadron ratio --arXiv:0801.2265 [nucl-th]
Hadron
Collective radial expansion
-during the partonic phase
-before the hadronic phase
Quark coalescence or
recombination mechanism
for the hadronization
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Source geometry
--- quantum interferometry via HBT correlation --common initial
source geometry from
centrality measurement
AGS
final source geometry
from HBT measurement
RHIC
final particle emission
anisotropy from
v2 measurement
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Jet quenching
No energy loss for g‘s
--- energy loss of parton in QGP ---
Energy loss for quark
and gluon jets (similar
even for heavy quark)
v2
RAA
R AA
YieldAA/N binary  AA

Yieldpp
PHENIX preliminary
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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jet
p
Jet modification
Back-to-back---jetat suppression
p = 1~4 GeV/c --T
--- 2 particle f correlation ---
jet
p
Medium
Au
p
Au
Leading
hadrons
p
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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trigger pT window
h-h correlation at “p+p 200GeV” vs “Au+Au 200GeV central 0-20%”
associate pT window
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
Phys. Rev. C 78, 014901 (2008)
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Reaction plane dependent energy loss
--- a dominant source of v2 at high pT --QM09, C. H. Chen
in-plane
near-side
away-side
out-of-plane
QM04: STAR
in-plane
out-of-plane
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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QM09: PHENIX
c2(data) - c2(flow)
in-plane
trigger selection
out-of-plane
trigger selection
200GeV Au+Au -> h-h (run7)
(4) fs=[-1,0]/8
(5) fs=[0,1]/8
(pTTrig=2~4GeV/c, pTAsso=1~2GeV/c)
mid-central : 20-50%
(1)
(3) fs=[-2,-1]/8
(6) fs=[1,2]/8
(8)
(2)
in-plane
associate
regions
(7)
(3)
(6)
(4)
(5)
(5)
(4)
(6)
(2) fs=[-3,-2]/8
(7) fs=[2,3]/8
(1) fs=[-4,-3]/8
(8) fs=[3,4]/8
(3)
(7)
(2)
(8)
strong preference of
associate particle
emission towards the
in-plane direction
in-plane
(1)
fs = fTrig. - FR.P.
[-]
average
PHENIX preliminary
f  fAsso. - fTrig. (rad)
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Au+Au ???
(STAR@RHIC)
p+p jet+jet
(STAR@RHIC)
jet
parton
nucleon
nucleon
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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g,Jet,0 - hadron
correlation
RHIC-AGS’09, Y. S. Lai
Comparisons are
the most important!
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Back-to-back Jet Calorimeter
for LHC-ALICE experiment
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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g-Triggered Away-side Correlations:
Jet Fragmentation Function in p+p and Au+Au
QM09 PHENIX
•
Fit effective FF’s with
dN
-bz
 Ne T
dzT
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
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•
p+p: b = 6.89 ± 0.64
Au+Au: b = 9.49 ±1.37
•
Difference reflects
influence of the medium
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Thermal photon radiation
dN / dy
S
dN / dy
S   r 2   r02 A2/3Tinit
Gluon saturation scale:
QS 
dN / dy
 1 GeV
 r2
TC
Tch
Tkin
PHENIX, arXiv:0804.4168v1 [nucl-ex]
<b>
200
400
dNch/dh
600
Slope parameter (0-20%):
T = (221 ± 23 ± 18) MeV
Various Hydro models:
TInitial = 300~600 MeV
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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Summary
* History of chemical/thermal freeze-out
* Radial and elliptic collective expansions
--- in partonic and hadronic stages
* Jet quenching via parton energy loss
--- suppression and re-distribution
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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J/ suppression
RAA
Centrality
(Npart)
cold nuclear
matter effect
cold nuclear
matter effect
Au+Au
mid-rapidity
SPS-like suppression
+ regeneration
Au+Au
forward-rapidity
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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3-particle correlation “f12 vs f13”
jet
f*=0
d+Au
Collisions
p
p
q*=
Deflected Jets
Au
Au
Cone like Jets
PHENIX Preliminary
(f1-f2)/2
PHENIX Preliminary
Au+Au
Central 0-12%
Both measurements prefer
Mach-cone scenario.
Cone angle (radians)
No pT dependence, too.
STAR Preliminary
STAR Preliminary
(f1-f2)/2
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
pT (GeV/c)
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
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SQM09, F. Wang
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009
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