Safety Management Systems
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Transcript Safety Management Systems
APTA Safety Management
Systems
Safety Mid Year Meeting December 2012
Linda Meadow Davis
[email protected]
Purpose of APTA SMS
Guidelines
Provide a set of organizational values, management
principles and safety philosophies that address the
specialized operational needs of the passenger
transportation industry to move people safely.
Assist public transportation agencies in achieving their
desired safety objectives by providing them choices on
optimizing their resources at the systems level to achieve
positive outcomes.
Utilize a performance based approach to identify and control
risk
Promote sustainability of safety through continuous
improvement
SMS Public
Transportation Systems
Rail
Light rail
Heavy rail
Streetcar
Commuter rail
High speed rail
Monorail
Bus
Bus
Demand Response
Commuter Bus
Bus Rapid Transit
Ferry
Water Taxi
Automated Guideways,
Ropeways & People Movers
Funicular & Inclined Planes
What is a Safety Management
System?
Safety: condition to which risks of harm arising out of
agency’s decisions and operations are managed to
acceptable levels
Management: the allocation of resources to achieve
specific goals (leading/directing, planning, organizing,
controlling, improving, performance measurement
System: organized set of programs, processes and
procedures used to deliver service
Safety Management System
An organized set of programs, principles, processes
and procedures for the allocation of resources to
achieve the condition where risks are managed to
acceptable levels
SMS Examples
TRACS: Implementing Safety Management Systems in Transit Agencies
FTA: Transit Safety Management and Performance Measurement Guidebook
Transport Canada: Guide for Developing, Implementing and Enhancing Railway Safety Management Systems
International Helicopter Safety Team: Safety Management System Toolkit
OHSAS 18000.1 Standard
ANSI/ASSE Z10- Occupational Health and Safety Management System
Australia: National Rail Safety Guideline: Preparation of a Rail Safety Management System
New South Wales: Safety Management System Guidelines for Bus and Coach Operators
UK Office of Rail Regulation: Railways and other Guided Transport Systems (Safety) Regulations – TEMS
DOE: Integrated Safety Management Manual
SMS Elements
US Helicopter Assn
Concept:
SMS Plan
Safety Promotion/Safety
Culture
Data Management and
Documents
Hazard Identification and Risk
Management
Occurrence and Hazard
Reporting
Safety Assurance Oversight
Programs
Safety Management Training
Requirements
Management of Changes
Emergency Preparedness and
Response
Performance Measurement
SMS Elements
The National Safety
Council Policy on SMS
Leadership – Management
Management leadership and
commitment
System management and
communications
Assessments, audits and
performance measurements
Technical – Operational
Hazard identification and risk
reduction
Workplace design and
engineering
Operational process and
procedures
9 elements - 3
performance areas:
Cultural - Behavioral
Worker and Management
involvement
Motivation, behavior and
attitudes
Training and orientation
SMS Elements
FTA SMS/Guidebook
Planning
Safety Policy
Organizational Structure
Hazard Identification and
Risk Management
Occurrence Investigation and
Analysis
Safety Documentation and
Information Management
Emergency Preparedness
and Response
Safety Assurance
Management of Change
SMS Elements
FAA SMS and ANSI Z 10:
Safety Management System Overview
Safety Policy
Safety Risk Management
Safety Assurance
Safety Promotion
SMS Elements
ILO concept
SMS Elements
UK ORR
concept
SMS Elements
TRACS
concept
Indicators of Effective
Safety Management
Policies clearly describe the responsibilities for safety in all functions
throughout the organization
Safety goals in the strategic plan are measured and assessed along with
the other strategic goals
Competing pressures to safety are discussed openly
Safety performance measures (leading indicators) are part of everyone’s
performance management plan and evaluation
Safety performance measures and priorities are clearly communicated
and understood
Employee retention rates and absentee rates are evaluated for any issues
with regard to safety
Indicators of Effective
Safety Management
The CEO or GM discusses and assists in resolving safety issues with
members of the executive team. Safety issues are discussed openly at
executive meetings. There is an executive-level safety meeting
The executive team implements corrective actions when safety issues are
raised
The CEO or GM has his/her team participate at quarterly meetings with
the State Safety Oversight agency
Employees assess their supervisor’s concern about safety
Employees are regularly surveyed regarding their perspective on the
organization’s safety climate
A joint union-management committee identifies and resolves safety issues
Indicators of Effective
Safety Management
Supervisors’ safety attitudes are assessed and corrective actions taken
Front-line supervisors have performance measures associated with safety
responsibilities
Supervisors conduct safety inspections and monitor the work that
employees are doing
There is a process for the signing of safety briefing sheets
Front-line employees are involved in developing safety policies and
procedures (hazard analysis)
Front-line employees are empowered to restrict or stop operations based
on unsafe conditions
Indicators of Effective
Safety Management
Good faith challenge processes (safety dispute resolutions) are available
to workers
There is interdepartmental involvement in developing safety policies and
procedures (hazard analysis)
Involved departments conduct hazard analysis when new systems or
changes are introduced. They use engineering solutions as the first
method of solving problems (hierarchy of control)
A hazard tracking system is in place. Corrective actions are taken and the
results of countermeasures are evaluated and published
The organization has a non-punitive near-miss policy and a reporting,
analysis, and correction system that is regularly used and trusted
Indicators of Effective
Safety Management
There is a safety hotline set up to report issues, conditions and behavioral
problems
Safety bulletins or newsletters are communicated across the organization.
There are methods for taking in information and recommendations from
workers
There is a board-level safety committee, and it discusses safety issues on
a regular basis
An analysis of the board or executive team agenda shows that safety
issues are given prominence
If there is an injury, managers or executives get involved
Leadership’s safety rhetoric matches reality.
Developing Safety
Performance Measures
Conduct readiness assessment
Agree on outcomes and activities to monitor
Select key metrics
Identify data needs
Pilot test and collection of baseline data on metrics
Set targets
Monitor performance and evaluate results
Report findings
Integrate findings into agency decision-making
Sustain the performance measurement system
Sample Performance
Outcomes
Reduce transit-related fatalities
Reduce transit-related injuries
Reduce risks of injuries to employees
Accelerate development of safety culture
Improve workforce core competency skills
Performance Metrics
Number: total number of collisions, total number of
fatal accidents, average time to implement findings of
safety inspections
Rate: fatalities per 100 million passenger miles
traveled, crashes per 100 million vehicle-miles
Ratio or percentage: ratio of fatal to non fatal
collisions, preventable accidents to non-preventable
accidents, percent of collisions occurring at grade
crossings
How to Develop Performance
Metrics
Start with the outcome. List 2-3 metrics that best describe
progress toward achieving the outcome. Include number and
rate/ratio forms of metrics
Identify 5-10 programs and processes that are absolutely vital to
ensure safety of customers, employees and the public
Disaggregate metrics. Provide breakouts of performance metrics
by key classes or categories. Limit the number of classes to 2-3
most important
Include forward-looking metrics that capture accident precursors
Consider availability and reliability of data
Leading Indicators
Input based measures with a relationship to an end
product or goal
Measure and track performance before a problem
occurs
Running red signals
No stop at broken gates
Doors open on the wrong side
Railway worker protection violation
Use of cell phones while operating vehicles or machinery
Complaints per 100,000 passengers
Lagging Indicators
Outcome based measures that are directly related to
an end product or goal
Measure performance against prior goals
Number of preventable accidents per 100,000 miles
Number and type of pedestrian and motorist fatalities at
grade crossings per month
Number of broken mirrors on buses
Safety and Security Performance
Measures
Accident/Incidents
Close calls
Safety inspections
Customer satisfaction
Vehicle and property damage
Accident rate
Number of fires
Workplace safety
Employee work days lost to injury
Passenger security
Passenger Safety
Number of fatalities and fatality crashes per specified
time period
Number of injuries and injury crashes per specified
time period
Fatal accidents per million passenger-miles/vehiclemiles traveled
Injury accidents per million passenger-miles/vehiclemiles traveled
Workplace Safety
Employee work days lost of injuries (by injury type) per
specified time period
Work-related fatalities per specified time period
Workers compensation payments per specified time
period
Accident Potential
Percent of positive drug/alcohol tests per specified time period
Number of traffic tickets issued to bus (or paratransit vehicle) operators
per specified time period
Percent of buses (or paratransit vehicles) exceeding the speed limit per
specified time period
Number of rail station overruns per specified distance or time period
Number of red light violations per time period
Number of unplanned revenue service road calls per specified distance or
time period
System Safety
Number of vehicle defects reported by operators per specified time period
Number of infrastructure defects reported by operators per specified time
period
Number of fires per specified time period (measured by location: stations,
vehicles or guideways; by cause: faulty electrical wiring, arson, etc.; and
in terms of severity)
Liability losses (by category of loss) per specified time period
Customer satisfaction ratings (measured through surveys)
Other
Maintenance
Percent of preventive maintenance inspections completed
within 10% of scheduled mileage
Miles between traffic accidents
Accidents per 100,000 vehicle-hours
Passenger Security
Number of crimes committed on transit property
Crime rate
Level of security provided
Ratio of transit police officers to transit vehicles
Number (percent) of vehicles with specified safety
devices
Customer perceptions of safety and security of the
transit system
Customer satisfaction
Incidents of vandalism