Transcript Carbohydrates - Putnam Valley Central School District

Why do we eat?
 We eat to take in more of these chemicals

Food for building materials
 to make more of us (cells)
 for growth
 for repair

Food to make energy
 calories
 to make ATP
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ATP
Do Now:
 Hand in your pH lab.
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What do we need to eat?
 Foods to give you more building blocks
& more energy
 for building & running bodies
carbohydrates
 proteins
 fats
 nucleic acids
 vitamins
 minerals, salts
 water

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The New Food Pyramid
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Don’t forget water
 Water
65% of your body is H2O
 water is inorganic

 doesn’t contain carbon
 Rest of you is made of carbon molecules

organic molecules
 carbohydrates
 proteins
 fats
 nucleic acids
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CH2OH
H
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
HO
Carbohydrates:
Energy molecules
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2009-2010
H
OH
Carbohydrates
 Building block molecules = sugars
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar
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Carbohydrates
 Function:

quick energy

energy storage

structure
glucose
C6H12O6
 cell wall in plants
sucrose
 Examples

sugars

starches

cellulose (cell wall)
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starch
Sugars = building blocks
 Names for sugars usually end in -ose
glucose
 fructose
 sucrose
 maltose
CH2OH

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H
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
HO
H
OH
glucose
C6H12O6
fructose
sucrose
maltose
Building carbohydrates
 Synthesis
1 sugar =
monosaccharide
|
glucose
|
glucose
mono = one
saccharide = sugar
di = two
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2 sugars =
disaccharide
|
maltose
Building carbohydrates
 Synthesis
1 sugar =
monosaccharide
|
glucose
|
fructose
How sweet
it is!
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2 sugars =
disaccharide
|
sucrose
(table sugar)
BIG carbohydrates
 Polysaccharides

large carbohydrates
 starch
 energy storage in plants

potatoes
 glycogen
 energy storage in animals
poly = many

in liver & muscles
 cellulose
 structure in plants

cell walls
 chitin
 structure in arthropods & fungi
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
exoskeleton
Building BIG carbohydrates
glucose + glucose + glucose… = polysaccharide
starch
(plant)
energy
storage
glycogen
(animal)
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Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starch
easy to
digest
cellulose
hard to
digest
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enzyme
enzyme
Cellulose
 Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose well
 most carnivores cannot digest cellulose

 that’s why they
eat meat
to get their energy
& nutrients
 cellulose = roughage
 stays undigested
 keeps material
moving in your
intestines
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Helpful bacteria
 How can cows digest cellulose so well?

BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest
cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew…
Chewing
cud?
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EAT
Let’s build
X some
Carbohydrates!
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2009-2010
Activities
 building starch by bonding together
paper glucose molecules
 eat carrots, celery, cookies
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