BIOL 1441-030 Wed 11:00 – 12:50 LS 200 BIOL 1441-033 Thu 3:00 – 4:50 LS 207 BIOL 1441-037 Fri 11:00 – 12:50 LS 200 Heath Blackmon LS 459 Office Hours: 10:30-12:00 Tue and Thu [email protected]

Macromolecules

Diverse molecules that serve a variety of purposes in living organisms

CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS*

Carbohydrates

• • • • Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Monosaccharide – Glucose, fructose, ribose Disaccharide – Lactose, Sucrose Polysaccharide – “Many Sugars”

Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharides – Starch • Glucose storage – Glycogen • Glucose storage – Cellulose • structural

Carbohydrates

• How do you break up large sugars?

– Hydrolysis • With use of enzymes, break down complex starches to glucose, in presence of water.

• Ex: Seed growth, beer production

Lipids

• • • Made of Carbon and Hydrogen Insoluble in water Ex: Oils, fats – Found in plants and animals

Proteins

• • Made of tightly bound Amino Acids – Peptide bonds Structure – Primary – Secondary – Tertiary – Quaternary

Tests to be performed today

Sugar, Starch, Lipid, Protein

Sugar Test

• Benedict’s Reagent – Glucose vs. Sucrose – Tests for presence of simple sugars (monosacchride) – Record results

Starch Test

• Iodine Reagent (iodine potassium iodide) – Mix with potato starch in test tube – Record results

Hydrolysis

• • • Breaking up sugars with water and acid Test samples with Benedict's test and Iodine test Record results

• • Brown Paper test Record Results

Lipid Test

Protein Test

• • • Biuret reagent – protein indicator Albumin – Egg protein Record Results

Macromolecules in Food

• • – – Separation of Butter Lipid Layer and Protein Layer of butter Perform tests on the two layers and regular butter – Tests with food Perform the tests on Banana, Coconut, Milk, Peanut, and Potato

Lab Manual 52-75 Conversions and Scientific Notation Difference between a monosachride and disachride Monosachrides are simple sugars Disachrides have two simple sugars joined together Carbohydrates are long chains of sugars Lab Manual pp 52-75 An example of a way that we use macromolecules: Lipids – cell membranes Proteins – enzymes (hemoglobin) Carbohydrates – energy storage Nucleic Acids – DNA