Transcript Cadmium General Awareness Training

Cadmium General Awareness
Training
Re: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1027
Imagine the result
Agenda
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General Information
Exposure Routes
Health Hazards and Emergency 1st Aid
Communication of Hazards (and Training Requirements)
Control of Hazards
Exposure Standards and Monitoring
Medical Surveillance Requirements
Employee Right-to-Know Requirements
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General Information
Appearance:
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Cadmium metal-soft, blue-white,
malleable, lustrous metal or
grayish-white powder
Some cadmium compounds may
also appear as a brown, yellow,
or red powdery substance
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Where is Cadmium Found?
Nickel/Cadmium Batteries
• Cadmium hydroxide is utilized as one of the two principal electrode
materials in Ni-Cd batteries
Paints and Coatings
• Cadmium sulphide and cadmium sulphoselenide are utilized as bright
yellow to deep red pigments in plastics, ceramics, glasses, enamels and
artists colors
• Cadmium-bearing stabilizers retard the degradation processes in
polyvinylchloride (PVC) which contain organic cadmium salts
• Cadmium coatings are utilized on steel, aluminum, and certain other nonferrous metal fasteners and moving parts to provide the best available
combination of corrosion resistance, particularly in salt and alkali media,
and lubricity or low coefficient of friction
Metal
• Cadmium alloys include (a) electrical conductivity alloys, (b) heat
conductivity alloys, and (c) electrical contact alloys
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Where is Cadmium
Encountered?
Cadmium is encountered on ARCADIS projects:
• As a contaminant in soils, ground and surface water, sediments,
and other environmental media
• Through the air where dusts containing cadmium are present
• At certain client facilities at which ARCADIS works:
• At mining and smelting operations
• Battery manufacturing facilities
• Chemical production facilities where metal coatings or plastics
are manufactured
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Health Hazards –
Exposure Routes
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Inhalation
Ingestion
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Skin and/or eye contact
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Health
Hazards –
Acute vs.
Chronic
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Acute effects occur over a very short period of
time usually from a high dose
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Short-term (acute) exposure: Cadmium is
much more dangerous by inhalation than by
ingestion. High exposures to cadmium that
may be immediately dangerous to life or health
occur in jobs where workers handle large
quantities of cadmium dust or fume; heat
cadmium-containing compounds or cadmiumcoated surfaces; weld with cadmium solders or
cut cadmium-containing materials such as
bolts.
Health
Hazards –
Acute vs.
Chronic,
cont.
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• Severe exposure may occur before
symptoms appear. Early symptoms may
include mild irritation of the upper respiratory
tract, a sensation of constriction of the throat,
a metallic taste and/or a cough. A period of
1-10 hours may precede the onset of rapidly
progressing shortness of breath, chest pain,
and flu-like symptoms with weakness, fever,
headache, chills, sweating and muscular
pain. Acute pulmonary edema usually
develops within 24 hours and reaches a
maximum by three days. If death from
asphyxia does not occur, symptoms may
resolve within a week.
Health
Hazards –
Acute vs.
Chronic,
cont.
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Chronic effects that occur over an
extended period of time usually
from a low dose
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Long-term (chronic) exposure
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Repeated or long-term exposure to
cadmium, even at relatively low
concentrations, may result in kidney
damage and an increased risk of
cancer of the lung and of the prostate
Emergency First Aid
• All Exposures: Get medical attention immediately
• Eye exposure: Direct contact may cause redness or pain. Wash
eyes immediately with large amounts of water, lifting the upper and
lower eyelids
• Skin exposure: Direct contact may result in irritation ; remove
contaminated clothing and shoes immediately; wash affected area
with soap or mild detergent and large amounts of water
• Ingestion: Ingestion may result in vomiting, abdominal pain,
nausea, diarrhea, headache and sore throat; treatment for
symptoms must be administered by medical personnel
• Inhalation: If large amounts of cadmium are inhaled, the exposed
person must be moved to fresh air at once; if breathing has
stopped, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation; keep the affected
person warm and at rest
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Communication
of Hazards
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Use of Material Safety Data Sheets
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Waning Signs in Regulated Areas
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Warning Labels on Products
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Employee Training
Communication
of Hazards MSDSs
To assist in obtaining MSDSs for any
project, utilize our HazmatZone
subscription, go to:
• http://www.genium.com/HazmatZone/,
• Enter the company username and
password in the login box at the top of
the screen
– Our username is: arcadis_library
– Our password is: library1
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SIGNS
Communication
of Hazards –
Warning Signs
and Labels
DANGER
CADMIUM
CANCER HAZARD
CAN CAUSE LUNG
AND KIDNEY DISEASE
AUTHORIZED
PERSONNEL ONLY
RESPIRATORS
REQUIRED IN THIS
AREA
LABELS
DANGER
CONTAINS CADMIUM
CANCER HAZARD
AVOID CREATING
DUST
CAN CAUSE LUNG
AND KIDNEY DISEASE
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Communication of Hazards Training
• Requirements:
• Discuss Health Hazards
• Location of Cadmium Products in
the Workplace
• Control Measures
• Medical Surveillance
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Control of Hazards
• Engineering Controls
• Administrative Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
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Engineering Controls
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Workplace and tool design
Ventilation
Product substitution
Isolation
Enclosure
Regulated Areas
*If it can be documented that cadmium is present less
than 30 days a year then respirators can be used
instead of engineering controls
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Engineering Controls –
Regulated Areas
• Where cadmium is present, the controller of the site shall establish a
regulated area wherever an employee's exposure to airborne
concentrations of cadmium is, or can reasonably be expected to be in
excess of the permissible exposure limit 0.005 mg/m3
• Regulated areas shall be demarcated from the rest of the workplace in
any manner that adequately establishes and alerts employees of the
boundaries of the regulated area
• In the regulated area, the controller of the site shall assure that
employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply
cosmetics in regulated areas, carry the products associated with these
activities into regulated areas, or store such products in those areas
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Administrative Controls
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Training
Work practices
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Under no circumstances will dry sweeping, wiping, compressed air, or
other dust-producing methods be used to clean surfaces
Spills of cadmium-containing materials will be cleaned up
immediately
Personal hygiene
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Surfaces will be maintained as free as practical of accumulated
cadmium-contaminated dust
Work areas will be cleaned at the end of each work shift
Surfaces will be cleaned using only wet wiping or sweeping, or
vacuuming with a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter
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Eating, drinking, smoking, tobacco chewing, and cosmetic application
are not allowed in cadmium work areas, or until employees have
washed their hands and face
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Administrative Controls –
Good Personal Hygiene
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Good housekeeping
Don’t touch mouth, eyes, etc with
gloves on
Wash hands after working with
cadmium
No eating or drinking
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Controls - PPE
• If an employee is exposed to cadmium above the PEL, or the
possibility of eye or skin irritation exists, then the employee will be
provided with and use appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE), including coveralls, gloves, hats, shoes, face shields, goggles
or other equipment as required
• The equipment can be re-usable or disposable.
• Protective clothing will be provided in a clean and dry condition on a
weekly basis (if re-usable)
• Single-use clothing will be disposed of at the end of each day.
• The employee will not take home contaminated protective clothing.
Clothing will be stored in lockers specifically for used clothing.
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Personal
Protective
Equipment
(PPE)
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Respirators
• Must have Mine Safety and Health
Administration and NIOSH seal of
approval
• Cartridge or canisters must be replaced
before end of service life or end of the
shift, whichever occurs first
• Employees must be medically fit and fittested before respirators can be used
Exposure Standards
Permissible Exposure Limits (OSHA)
• The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for exposure to
cadmium as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) is 5
micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3) of air; (also
expressed as 0.005 milligrams per cubic centimeters –
mg/m3– of air)
• The Action Level for cadmium is 2.5 µg/m3of air (also
expressed as 0.0025 mg/m3 of air)
Note: For personnel who have been medically removed from
working around cadmium in accordance with this section,
the PEL is 2.5 µg/m3of air
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What is Exposure?
• Employee exposure and similar language referring to the
air cadmium level to which an employee is exposed
means the exposure to airborne cadmium that would
occur if the employee were not using respiratory
protective equipment
• Regulated area means an area demarcated by the
employer where an employee's exposure to airborne
concentrations of cadmium exceeds, or can reasonably
be expected to exceed the permissible exposure limit
(PEL)
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Exposure
Monitoring
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Each employer who has a workplace or
work operation covered by this section
shall determine if any employee may be
exposed to cadmium at or above the
action level.
Medical
Requirements
ARCADIS shall institute a medical
surveillance program for all employees
who are or may be exposed to
cadmium at or above the action level
for 30 or more days per 12 consecutive
months
Exposure
Level
Action
Level
2.5 µg/m3
Days of Exposure
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Employee Right to Know Requirements
Employer Requirements:
• Medical: If an employee is exposed to cadmium at or above the
action level, ARCADIS is required to provide a medical examination,
laboratory tests and a medical history according to the medical
surveillance provisions. These tests shall be provided without cost to
employees. In addition, if employees are accidentally exposed to
cadmium under conditions known or suspected to constitute toxic
exposure to cadmium, ARCADIS is required to make special tests
available.
• Access to Records: All medical records are kept strictly confidential.
Employees and their representatives are entitled to see the records of
measurements of exposure to cadmium. Employee’s medical
examination records can be furnished to personal physician or
designated representative upon request by employees through
ARCADIS.
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Employee Right to Know
Requirements, Continued
Employer Requirements, Continued:
• Observation of Monitoring: ARCADIS is required to perform
measurements that are representative of employee’s exposure to
cadmium. Employees are entitled to observe the steps taken in
the measurement procedure, and to record the results obtained.
When the monitoring procedure is taking place in an area where
respirators or personal protective clothing and equipment are
required to be worn employees must also be provided with, and
must wear the protective clothing and equipment.
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Employee Right to Know Requirements
Employee Requirements:
• Employees must not smoke, eat, drink, chew gum or tobacco, or
apply cosmetics while working with cadmium in regulated areas.
Employees can not carry or store tobacco products, gum, food,
drinks or cosmetics in regulated areas because these products easily
become contaminated with cadmium from the workplace and can
therefore create another source of unnecessary cadmium exposure.
• Some employees may need to change out of work clothes and
shower at the end of the day, as part of their workday, in order to
wash cadmium from skin and hair. Hand washing and cadmium-free
eating facilities shall be provided by ARCADIS and proper hygiene
should always be performed before eating. It is also recommended
that employees do not smoke or use tobacco products, because
among other things, they naturally contain cadmium. For further
information, read the labeling on such products.
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More Information
Read ARCADIS Procedures:
• ARC HSIH006-Cadmium
Refer to the OSHA Standards:
• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1027 – Cadmium
• OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1127 – Cadmium
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