Transcript Incidence of Breast Cancer in Canada.

Educational Module
Cervical Cancer Screening
Cervical Cancer in Ontario 2013
 Estimated new cases:
610
 Estimated deaths:
150
Regular Pap tests combined with the HPV
vaccine can prevent cervical cancer
What is The Cervix?
[
\
What is Cervical Cancer?
 Abnormal cells on the cervix
 Like all cells, cervical cells can change
 Changes in cervical cells usually occur slowly,
over many years
 Some changes go away on their own
 Some can develop into cancer (if not found and
treated)
The Good News
 We have known for many years that finding
cervical cancer early saves lives
 80% reduction in mortality since 1960
 Pap tests find the cancer early
The Good News
A 1943 study following first Pap test in 1928, showed
that:
 cervical cancer could be diagnosed by a Pap test
 that if found early enough, cervical cancer
can be cured
The Ontario Cervical
Screening Program (OCSP)
 Women age 21 – 70
 Who have been
sexually active
 Every three years
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
 HPV is found in both men and women
 there are more than one hundred “types” of
HPV divided into:
‐
high-risk HPV: can cause cancer
‐
low-risk HPV: causes genital warts
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
All cervical cancers are caused by HPV:
 Types 16 and 18
70% of cervical cancer
 Types 6 and 11
90% of genital warts
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
 Very common
 Can cause cancer
 Transmitted skin-to-skin genital
contact and/or during sexual
intercourse
How is HPV Spread?
 Skin-to-skin contact, most often during
penetrative genital contact (vaginal or anal sex).
 Other types of genital contact
 Condoms may decrease risk, but don’t eliminate
risk
How Common is HPV?
 Infection can spread rapidly after
onset of sexual activity:
36% or more infected
after 3 years
We Can Prevent HPV Infection
HPV vaccine
 Approved for women age 9 - 45
 Recommended for men age 9 - 26
 Available to grade 8 girls at no cost through public
health school program
 3 doses needed
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevention and HPV Vaccines: Questions and Answers. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/hpv-vph/hpv-vph-vaccine-eng.php
Things to Remember…
 HPV vaccine prevents infection
 HPV vaccine does not replace Pap tests
 Pap test detects cell changes before they
become cancer
 Almost all cervical cancers can
be prevented if cell changes are
found early and treated
Natural History of HPV Infection
and Cervical Cancer
Infection
Return to normal
Persistent
infection
Return to normal
Low grade
abnormalities
High grade
abnormalities
Cervical cancer
Low grade
abnormalities
Return to
normal
Infection
Persistent
infection
Vaccine prevents
Low grade
abnormalities
High grade
abnormalities
Cervical cancer
Pap test detects
Questions?
Thank you