Transcript Tissues & Integumentary Diseases & Disorders

Tissues &
Integumentary
Diseases &
Disorders
Tissue Repair
1. After an injury, epithelial and connective
tissues can repair themselves by
regeneration.
2. If the wound is deep, dense fibrous
connective tissue fills in the gap; this is
called a scar.
3. Muscle tissue does NOT regenerate well
4. Nerve tissues may or may not be able to
regenerate.
Tumors
• aka neoplasms; end in –oma; abnormal cell
growth/uncontrolled mitosis
1. Benign- do not spread; localized; grow slowly;
do not harm host
ex. Warts
2. Malignant- AKA cancer; spread to other body
regions  metastasis; harms host; invasive
ex. Melanoma (skin), lymphoma (lymph nodes)
Causes of Cancer
Causes of Cancer
• Genetic factors: abnormal cancer gene called
oncogene or ras gene; tumor suppressor gene
malfunctioning
– Ex. skin cancer, breast cancer
• Carcinogens: cause mutations in DNA- mutagens:
radiation, sunburns, viruses, chemicals
– Ex. papilloma – warts from a virus; leads to cervical cancer
• Age: genetics or accumulated cell damage
– Ex. colon cancer
Detection and Diagnosis
1.
2.
3.
4.
Self-examination
Medical imaging techniques
Blood tests
Biopsy
Diagnosis: Determine the size and degree of
metastasis
Stage 1: best chance for full recovery
Stage 4: worst case scenario
Surgical Removal
Surgical removal – “ECTOMY”
Chemotherapy – cytotoxic drugs, poison
Radiation – X-rays, gamma rays
Laser therapy – burn it off with beam; small
area, rarely used
5. Immunotherapy – uses body’s own defenses
6. ras gene – possibilities to stop gene for
mitosis
1.
2.
3.
4.
Skin Cancer
Results from cell changes
in the epidermis; Ex.
Melanoma- death in ¼
cases
• Check to for the
ABCD’s Asymmetry;
Border; Color;
Diameter (more than
6mm)
Skin cancer
ABCD rule
• Asymmetry: Two sides do not match
• Border irregularity: Non-smooth borders
• Color: Pigmented spot has areas of different
colors
• Diameter: Larger than 6mm in diameter (
size of a pencil eraser)
melanoma
albinism
• make no melanin
• lack pigment in skin, hair,
and eyes (looks red from
reflection on retina)
rosacea
•
•
•
•
skin appears “red”
engorged with blood
more common in ages 30-50
possibly from bacteria -Helicobacter pylori
rosacea
jaundice
jaundice
bruise
• skin appears “black
and blue”
• blood vessel
breaks/blood clot
birthmarks
red to brown; port wine stains
Port wine stains
Port wine stains
Burns –
st
1
degree
nd
Burns–2
degree
rd
Burns–3
degree
blister
Athlete’s foot
Athlete’s foot
Ringworm
fungal infection; red circle
Ringworm
Warts
viral; reoccurring
Warts
Boils
Boils: bacterial; in hair follicle; pus-filled lesions;
drain & antibiotics
Decubitus ulcer
bedsores; lack of blood flow.
Eczema
bumps, blisters, crusts;
allergic reaction; reoccurring
Eczema
acne
from overactive secretions by sebaceous glands,
blockage, & inflammation; ages 10-19; pimples from
infected hair follicle or sweat pore
Heat stroke
•AKA sunstroke
•cannot maintain homeostasis
•over 41oC or 105oF
•rapid heart rate  death
Hypothermia
•less than 25oC (95oF)
•slow pulse
•slowly warm with cool water or body heat
frostbite
•reduction of blood flow 
death to tissues (necrosis)
or decay of tissues
(gangrene)
•look for change color
•do not use hot H2O