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Cultural notes
The Australian continent was explored first by the Dutch in the
17th century and then by the English Captain, James Cook who
reached the coast of Australia in 1770. The first English colony was
founded in 1788 after the British occupied the territory of
New South Wales.
New Zealand was first explored by a Dutchman, named Tasman,
and later by James Cook in 1769. The islands became a British
colony under the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 and later earned
dominion status in 1907. Both Australia and New Zealand are part
of the Commonwealth of Nations, a confederation of 53 countries,
many of which were former colonies in the British Empire, headed
by Queen Elisabeth II, but are today united by a common aim to
promote peace, democracy and development.
Dreamtime represents the spiritual beliefs of the Aboriginal
Australians on the origins of the world. These people have a
strong belief in the sacred value of the land and affirm the
existence of a close nexus between the worlds of nature and
spirit.
American Indians is the generally accepted term applied to the
indigenous populations living in North America prior to the arrival
of the Europeans. There is much controversy over the name, even
among the multitude of tribes within the United States and
Canada. Some of the more “politically correct” terms
are Native Americans, First Nations, First People and Amerinds.
The term Aboriginals is usually associated with Australia and the
term Indios with Central and South America.
canoes
New Zealand and
the Cook Islands
hunters
600
farmers
storytelling
didgeridoo
Possible answers
1 to fight for their land today.
2
it educates children about life, spirituality, their
ancestors, heritage and the dreamtime.
3
an advanced stone-age culture.
4
the arrival of weapons from Europe, tribal wars
and the selling of the Mãori land reduced the
population to 40,000.
5
they settled in different areas, with a different
climate
and landscape.
6
epidemics, war and violence.
Vocabulary
democracy (n) a system of government in which people vote in
elections to choose the people who will govern
them (การปกครองระบอบประชาธิปไตย)
parliament (n) the main law-making institution in some countries.
In the UK, Parliament consists of politicians elected
to the House of Commons and members of the
House Lords (รัฐสภา)
election (n)
an occasion when people vote for someone to
represent them, especially in a government
(การเลือกตัง้ )
Member of Parliament [MP] (n) someone who has been elected
to represent people from a particular district in a
parliament (สมาชิกสภาผูแทนราษฎร)
้
government (n) the people who control a country, region, or town
and make decisions about its laws and taxes:
followed by a singular or plural verb (รัฐบาล)
opposition (n) the political parties in a country that are not part of
the government (ฝ่ายคาน)
้
constituency (n) a division of a country that elects a representative
to a parliament (เขตเลือกตัง้ )
bills (n)
a written document containing a proposal for a new
law (รางกฎหมาย)
่
candidate (n) one of the people competing in an election
(ผูสมั
้ ครรับเลือกตัง้ )
bench (n)
(in the British Parliament) a seat where a particular
group of politicians sit (ทีน
่ ่งั ในรัฐสภาของอังกฤษ)
run the country (phr) to organise or be in charge of a country
(บริหารประเทศ)
debate (v)
if people debate a subject, they discuss it formally
before making a decision, usually by voting (อภิปราย)
issues (n)
a subject that people discuss or argue about,
especially relating to society, politics etc. (ประเด็น)
appoint (v)
to choose someone to do a particular job or have a
particular position (แตงตั
่ ง้ )
Answers
Elections:
every 5 years, over 18
(other possible answers: MPs, constituency, seat)
Government:
100 people
(other possible answers: Prime Minister,
Secretaries of State, Government Department or
Ministry)
House of Commons: speaker, bills
(other possible answers: debates, Government,
Opposition, benches)
House of Lords: 750
(other possible answers: not elected,
recommended, appointed)
Answers
1. the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
2. Cardiff
3. issues like defence and foreign affairs.
4. become the MPs for the constituencies and have a seat in
Parliament.
5. on a raised chair at one end of the Chamber.
6. recommended by the Prime Minister and other special
commissions, and appointed by the Queen.
The Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations (FAO)
Vocabulary
covering or affecting the whole world (เกีย
่ วกับโลก)
an important topic that people are discussing or arguing
about (ประเด็น, หัวข้อ, เรือ
่ ง)
goodwill ambassadors (n) someone who expands the knowledge of
others regarding their or another country’s culture and its
people. Celebrities such as Angelina Jolie and Russell
Simmons receive invitations. There are no applicationsyou must have political connections. (ทูตสั นถวไมตรี)
raise funds/money (n) to collect money that you can use to do a
particular job or help people (เรีย
่ ไรเงิน, รวบรวมเงิน)
principle (n) a rule or a theory that something is based on (หลักการ)
adequate (adj) enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a
particular purpose (เพียงพอ)
monsoon (n) a period of heavy rain in summer in S Asia; the rain that
falls during this period (ฤดูมรสุม)
global (n)
issue (n)
refugee camps (n) a place where people who have escaped their
own country can live, usually in bad conditions
and only expecting to stay for a limited time
(คายผู
อพยพ)
่
้
second-hand (adj) not new; owned by somebody else before
(มือสอง)
goods (n)
things that are produced to be sold (สิ นคา)
้
hunger (n)
the state of not having enough food to eat,
especially when this causes illness or death
(ความหิว, ความอดอยาก)
forestry (n)
the science or practice of planting and taking
care of trees and forests (การทาป่าไม้)
fishery (n)
a part of the sea or a river where fish are caught
in large quantities (การประมง)
London
New York
actors
Eglantyne Jebb
Rome
nutrition
Answers
1. It has 192 member states and 6 official languages.
2. The FAO helps developing countries to modernise and improve
agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
3. The FAO guarantees good nutrition for all.
4. Eglantyne Jebb started Save the Children because she was
shocked at the terrible conditions of children after the First
World War and the Russian Revolution.
5. Save the Children wants to guarantee that children have
adequate food, shelter, healthcare and education and are free
from violence, abuse and exploitation.
6. Their objective for 2010 is to guarantee education to 8,000,000
children in 20 countries.
Answers
1. The BBC in the UK has two main channels and also other
channels like BBC3, BBC4, two children’s channels and BBC
News 24 on digital TV.
2. BBC World is a news and current affairs channel.
3. BBC Prime is a subscription channel for general entertainment.
4. Ted Turner founded CNN in 1980.
5. It broadcasts from its headquarters in Atlanta, and from studios
in New York and Washington.
6. CNN International can be seen in more than 200 countries.
Vocabulary
transmission (n) the act or process of sending out an electronic
signal or message or of broadcasting a radio or
television programme (การกระจายเสี ยง, การส่ง
สั ญญาณ, การถายทอด)
่
broadcasting (n) the business of making and sending out radio and
television programmes (ธุรกิจเกีย
่ วกับการกระจาย
เสี ยงวิทยุหรือแพรภาพรายการโทรทั
ศน)์
่
mogul (n)
an important person who is very rich or powerful
(บุคคลสาคัญ, ผูมั
้ ง่ คัง่ , เจ้าพอ)
่
satellite (n)
a device sent up into space to travel round the
Earth, used for collecting information or
communicating by radio, television, etc. (ดาวเทียม)
scene (n)
the place where an accident, crime etc. happened
(สถานทีเ่ กิดเหตุ)
current affairs (n) political news about events happening now
(สถานการณปั
ั ทางการเมือง)
์ จจุบน
Vocabulary
a circulation of (phr) the usual number of copies of a newspaper or
magazine that are sold each day, week, etc.
(ยอดขาย, ยอดจาหน่าย)
broadsheet (n)
a newspaper printed on a large size of paper,
generally considered more serious than smaller
newspapers (หนังสื อพิมพขนาดใหญ
)่
์
tabloid (n)
a newspaper with small pages (usually half the
size of those in larger papers); a newspaper of
this size with short articles and a lot of pictures
and stories about famous people, often thought
of as less serious than other newspapers
(หนังสื อพิมพขนาดเล็
กทีม
่ ก
ั จะมีขาวเกี
ย
่ วกับคนดัง)
่
์
Answers
UK
The Sun
Answers
The Times
The Daily Telegraph
USA
USA Today
The Wall Street Journal
The Washington Post
The New York Times
Answers
UK
The Sun
3 million copies
The Times
Answers
established 1785
The Daily Telegraph
established 1855
USA
USA Today
2.2 million copies
The Wall Street Journal
financial paper
The Washington Post
authoritative paper
The New York Times
authoritative paper