Transcript Black Hawk War and the Ute Reservation

Black Hawk War
and the Ute Reservation
Chapter 9: Settlements, Transportation,
and Mining
No gum in class. Throw it in the
garbage before class begins!
Your
Bell Activity
word is “plagued”
 Find
the word on your white study guide and
complete the following information for the word.
 Find
the definition using a glossary.
 Use your own knowledge and experience to
complete the rest of the definition.
 Where
should your backpack be?
Today we will learn about…
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History Objective –
We will review the
conflict between the
pioneers and
Indians in Utah by
examining the Black
Hawk War.

Language Objective –
We will listen for
important details and
write down our notes.
Black Hawk War
Broken Treaty
Black Hawk
War
After the Conflict
Losing Land
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Before the war, Brigham
Young and an Indian agent
met with the leaders of the
local Ute tribes.
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In return for giving up their
land, the government would
give the tribe:
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A Ute chief who
signed the treaty.
Kanosh
Tabby
Sanpitch
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money
animals
shelter
clothing
food
agriculture training
A Treaty in Trouble
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The treaty they
negotiated was sent to
Washington, D.C.
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The Congress ignored the
treaty for a time and then
rejected it.
The Indian agent began
to force the Utes to walk
to the Uinta Basin during
the winter.
 The journey was marked
by suffering and many
Utes died from starvation
and cold.
Black Hawk, son of Sanpitch
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Chief Black Hawk
Black Hawk (An-Tonga-led)
saw what was happening to
his people and their land
while the government failed
to follow through on its
promises.
 He began to raid Mormon
settlements for horses and
cattle.
 Many Utes, Paiutes, and
Navajo united and attacked
several Utah settlements.
The Longest and Most
Destructive Conflict
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Most of the attacks
were in the Sanpete
and Sevier Valley, but
settlements farther
south were also
attacked.
 Sanpitch, Black
Hawk’s father, was
killed by the Utah
militia, which only
caused him to be more
dedicated to his cause.
Brutality on both sides
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The largest massacre of
Indians was at
Circleville.
 At least 16 unarmed
Paiute men, women, and
children were killed.
 Government officials
took no legal action
against the perpetrators.
 About 50-70 Indians
were killed and about the
same number of whites
died in the war.
Peace
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Eventually, Black Hawk
signed a peace treaty.
 He began touring Utah
settlements, speaking at
church meetings.
 He asked for the white
communities
understanding and
forgiveness, but also
emphasized the terrible
condition of his people.
Reservations
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President Lincoln
created the Ute
reservation.
 About 1,500 Utes
agreed to move to
the reservation, but
most chose to stay
in their homelands
in other parts of their
territory.
The End of Black Hawk’s Life
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He was probably the
greatest leader of
the Native American
resistance to
pioneer settlement.
 After working for
peace, he returned
to his homeland at
Spring Lake were he
died.
His Final Resting Place
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His remains were dug up
by miners in 1911, who
stored his remains with a
local doctor.
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His bones were even
displayed for a time in a
Spanish Fork department
store.
His bones were later
given to the LDS Church
Museum of History.
A Young Person Makes a Difference
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A Pleasant Grove boy
wanted to know why his
grave was not
registered.
 For his Eagle Scout
Project, he traced the
bones to a BYU
museum.
 He contacted the Forest
Service, who manages
the area where Black
Hawk had been buried.
Returned to the Land he Loved
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It took an act of Congress
and the humanitarian
efforts of the Boy Scout,
Shane Armstrong and
Charmain Thompson, a
National Forest Service
Archeologist, to return
Black Hawk to his home.
His remains were returned
to Spring Lake where they
were laid to rest.
The event was attended by
the descendents of his
brother and residents of
Spring Lake.
Results of the War
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For the Mormon
communities, they were able
to explore and expand into
areas once controlled by the
Utes. They also began to
see the army as a force that
could work to their benefit.
For the Ute, the outcome of
the war was disastrous.
They were forced onto the
reservations where they
received little of the aide
treaties had promised them.
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Their population dropped
drastically. From 23,000 in the
1870s to around 2,500 over the
course of the next hundred
years.
Analyzing Sources
?
Let’s read the
various perspectives
about Indian life on
page 173.
 Where are some
places today where
people have a
different perspective
of current events?
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