Transcript History behind the rivalry between Greece and Persia
Quiz
1. What year was the battle of charonea?
2. Who was this battle between?
3.
What is the name of Alexander’s father?
4.
What is the name of Alexander’s male lover?
5.
6.
What is the name of Alexander’s horse?
What is the name of Alexander’s mother?
7. Where was she from?
8. Where did Alexander come from?
9. What was the capital city of this place?
10. Who was Alexander tutored by?
The rule of Philip – his rise to becoming ruler of Greece
Phillip of Macedon
• Philip was king of Macedonia but he wanted to rule all of Greece, and eventually to take on the Persian Empire • Greece, during this time was very divided – each state ruled itself and had Its own government. States would often fight against each other. This was called Inter polis rivalry.
Polis =
state.
Greece inhabited by a bunch of barbarians Macedonia remained serious consideration unless their help was needed in a war
• • • • But before Philip could rule Greece, and launch a war against Persia. He needed to sort out things in Macedonia first.
Macedonia was a divided place. There were: Lowlanders: respected people who had been macedonians for decades, the noble lowanders were treated as equals to the royalty.
Highlanders: people from Illryia and Peonia. They were forced to be submissive and often tried to free themselves from the kings rule by staging rebellions. Their allies in Illyria and Peonia would rebel for them also.
Lowlands Highlands Highlands macedonia
How Philip took over Greece
• Defeated Illyria & Peonia • He Began ‘Hellenization’ (a word that means ‘greekness’ or ‘being greek’. He turned Macedonia into a place that appreciated and used Greek customs and language • He Avoided war with the Greeks and hoped they would be submissive to Macedonia • But… Demosthenes, a leader in Athens spoke out against Philip and Macedonia. He didn’t like the ‘uncouth’ Macedonians, and said all of Greece should unite in war against Macedonia….
Demosthenes
So, The Greeks took on Macedonia at
The battle of Chaeronea 338BC This is the site of the battle in which Alexander fought, and which gave Philip II control of Greece. Philip and his Macedonian army used the
Phalanx
formation to destroy the Greeks.
The battlefield Lion Monument to Commemorate the loss Of lives there.
•
Phalanx:
A formation of infantry (Hoplites) carrying overlapping shields and long spears, developed by Philip II and used by Alexander the Great • Bulk of Macedonian troops • Carried a 4.5m Sarissa (long spear) • Carried a small bronze shield • Each man rested his shield on the man in front • Well disciplined and highly trained ..\..\..\..\MY VIDEOS\youtube videos for teaching\Alexander The Great Battle of Chaeronea.flv
The Macedonian infantry phalanx in action, armed with 18-foot
sarissas
End of 7th c. BC Early 5th c. BC At death of Philip II, 336 BC By winning the Battle of Charonea, it put Macedonia in control of Greece. This is the massive territorial expansion of Macedonia under Philip
• In your workbook, Read ‘The Reign of Phillip II’ (from ‘
Phillips aims and policies’
to the end of ‘
steps taken by Phillip to ensure his aims were fulfilled’
) • Workbook –Read ‘To Hell’n back’ about
The Battle of Chaeronea 338 BC
The League of Corinth
Diodorus writes: “In 338/7 BC King Phillip, proud of his victory at Charoneia by which he had humbled the leading Greek states, became ambitious to become leader of all Greece. He spread the word that he wished to undertake a war against the Persians in behalf of Greece and to punish them for the sacrilege they had committed against Greek temples…By raising great hopes, he won the support of the delegates and finally they chose him as commander-in chief of the Greek forces.”
Philip called a meeting in Corinth (a place in Greece) and created an agreement /treaty called the ‘League of Corinth’ between all the Greek states. It objective was for common peace (
Koine Eirene)
At the first meeting of the League, Phillip proposed they all declare war on
Persia….
What is Persia?
Persia was a massive Empire That controlled most of the known world. It often attacked Greece to attempt to gain its territory there also.
The Persian Empire
Greece vs Persia 480-479 BC.
• In 480, the Persians, lead by their King Xerxes captured and burned Athens completely including all the significant religious icons in the city (like temples). It was a sacriligious invasion. • Philip used this event as motivation to encourage the Greek states to launch a war against Persia – for Revenge!
The League of Corinth 337BC
• All The Greek states argreed to the treaty apart from Sparta. (Macedonia did not join.) Philip made it appealing to the Greek states by: • treating them as equal to him • suggesting a truce/ peace • Letting the Greek states keep their own systems of rule • Suggesting revenge against Persia
League of Corinth 337 BC • • The text of the treaty begins:
“Oath, I swear by Zeus, Earth, Sun, Poseidon, Athena, Ares, each and every one. I shall abide by the peace, and I shall not break the treaty with Philip of Macedon. I shall abstain from any attack either by land or sea on any member state which observes the Oath…If anyone shall infringe the treaty, I shall assist in response to the request of the injured party, and I shall make war on the transgressor of the Common Peace.” (Diodorus)
• • • • The provisions of the treaty were: that violence between the states was no longer permitted that the league's member states would send a number of soldiers to the league’s army in proportion to their size that the army of all the combined states was to be commanded by Philip That philip would be leader (
hegemon)
of the League and this role would be hereditary and be for life.
That if any of the states broke the peace treaty, the League would decide on the punishment A representative from each state (
Synhedrion)
would be part of the League
Now….
• Read, ‘the Corinthian league’ (the page after ‘to hell’n back’) and highlight key information. • Then, read and Complete ‘Hamilton Worksheet’ : ‘The Corinthian League’ and answer questions below it. • It is very important you understand properly –
must
be completed for homework.