Transcript Dissociative and Personality Disorder

Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
• Disorders where
people experience a
sudden loss of memory
or a change in identity.
Conscious awareness
becomes separated
(dissociated) from
previous memories,
thoughts and feelings.
Psychogenic Amnesia
• A partial or total
forgetting of past
experiences, without
organic cause.
• Usually involves
blocking out
stressful or
traumatic events.
Organic Amnesia
• Results from other medical trauma (e.g.
a blow to the head, stroke, alcoholism).
Dissociative Fugue
• An individual in a fugue state is unaware of or confused
about his identity, and in some cases will assume a new
identity (although this is the exception). Sometimes
they will unexpectedly take a physical leave of their
surroundings and set off on a journey of some kind.
•These journeys can last hours, or even
several days or months.
Dissociative Fugue
• Individuals experiencing a dissociative fugue have
traveled over thousands of miles. Traveling amnesia.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (D.I.D.)
• Used to be known as Multiple
Personality Disorder.
• Often confused with
schizophrenia.
• People with D.I.D. commonly
have a history of childhood
abuse or trauma.
• Unlike schizophrenics, they have
2 or more distinct identities,
are not psychotic, and have
severe memory lapses.
Personality Disorders
• Well-established, maladaptive
ways of behaving that
negatively affect people’s
ability to function socially.
• Dominates their personality.
• DSM-5 (Categorical model)
– Cluster A (odd)
• Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
– Cluster B (dramatic)
• Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic,
Narcissistic
– Cluster C (anxious)
• Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessivecompulsive
Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Characterized by
paranoia and a
pervasive, long-standing
suspiciousness and
generalized mistrust
of others.
• Tendency to bear grudges, guarded and
suspicious, tendency to interpret others' actions as
hostile, persistent tendency to self-reference, or a
tenacious sense of personal right.
Personality Disorder Diagnosis
• An enduring pattern of inner experience and
behavior that deviates markedly from the
expectations of the culture of the individual who
exhibits it.
• Must meet following criteria
– Maladaptive and dysfunctional behavior
– Pervades more than one domain (e.g. home &
work)
– Personal distress or impact on those around the
patient
– Stable and long duration (since adolescence)
– Not due to a mental disorder or other organic
pathology
Schizoid Personality Disorder
• People with schizoid
personality disorder
avoid relationships
and do not show
much emotion.
They genuinely prefer to be alone and do
not secretly wish for popularity.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• Characterized by a need
for social isolation, odd
behavior and thinking, and
often unconventional
beliefs.
• Some believe they have
magical powers (ESP).
• Some people believe that
schizotypal personality
disorder is a mild form of
schizophrenia.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Lack of empathy.
• Little regard for other’s
feelings.
• View the world as hostile
and look out for
themselves.
• Also known as sociopaths.
Borderline Personality Disorder
• Characterized by mood instability and
poor self-image.
People with this disorder are prone to
constant mood swings and bouts of anger.
Borderline Personality Disorder
• They will take their anger out on
themselves, causing themselves
injury.
Suicidal threats and actions are
not uncommon.
They are quick to anger when their
expectations are not met.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
• Characterized by a pattern
of excessive emotionality
and attention seeking.
• May act silly or dress
provocatively.
• These individuals are lively,
dramatic, enthusiastic, and
flirtatious.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Having an inflated sense
of self-importance.
• Thinking that you are
the center of the
universe.
• React to criticism with
rage or shame.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
• A pervasive pattern of
social inhibition, feelings
of inadequacy, extreme
sensitivity to negative
evaluation, and
avoidance of social
interaction.
• Ill at ease, anxious, lonely,
and generally feel
unwanted and isolated
from others.
Dependent Personality Disorder
• A pervasive and
excessive need to
be taken care of
which leads to
submissive and
clinging behavior
and fears of
separation.
• Most frequent
diagnosed
personality disorder.
Dependent Personality Disorder
It is characterized by at least 3 of the following:
• encouraging or allowing others to make most of one's
important life decisions;
• subordination of one's own needs to those of others on
whom one is dependent, and undue compliance with their
wishes;
• unwillingness to make even reasonable demands on the
people one depends on;
• feeling uncomfortable or helpless when alone, because of
exaggerated fears of inability to care for oneself;
• preoccupation with fears of being abandoned by a person
with whom one has a close relationship, and of being left
to care for oneself;
• limited capacity to make everyday decisions without an
excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.
Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder
• Overly concerned
with certain
thoughts and
performing certain
behaviors.
• Not as extreme as
OCD anxiety
disorder.
Passive Aggressive Personality
Disorder
• Pervasive pattern of
negativistic attitudes and
passive resistance to demands
for adequate performance in
social and occupational
situations
• Indirect expression of hostility,
such as through
procrastination, stubbornness,
sullenness, or deliberate or
repeated failure to accomplish
requested tasks for which one
is (often explicitly) responsible.
Personality Disorders
Other Disorders
• Paraphilias (i.e.
pedophilia, zoophilia,
fetishism).
• Sadist, masochist and
voyeurism.
• Eating Disorders.
• Substance use disorders.
• ADHD.
• Autism.