Transcript Child of the New Century

Birth Cohort Studies
National Child Development Study, 1970 British Cohort Study, Millennium Cohort Study
Dependent Interviewing:
Seminar, University of Essex 16-17 September 2004
Peter Shepherd
Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London
www.cls.ioe.ac.uk
Birth Cohort Studies
National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD)
Those living in GB born in one week in 1946
National Child Development Study (NCDS)
All those living in GB born in one week in 1958
1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70)
All those living in GB born in one week in 1970
Millennium Cohort Study (MCS)
All those born in selected areas of UK over 12 months
beginning September 2000 in England and Wales,
and December 2000 in Scotland and Northern Ireland
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Birth Cohort Studies – Main surveys
Age of cohort members at time of main surveys
Notes
1 Initial survey carried out at c8 weeks
2 Initial survey carried out at c9 months
(Age) Sample surveys
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Goals of Birth Cohort Studies

Modelling causal processes from birth to adulthood leading to current
outcomes and assessing the risk of future outcomes.
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Assessing the stability of hypothesised causal processes across
cohorts.
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Comparing the prevalence of behaviour and attributes across
cohorts, ages and periods.
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Assessing inter-generational continuities and discontinuities in
circumstances, behaviour and attributes.
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Why cohort studies are important
Expensive compared to cross-sectional surveys, but are
important because:
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They tell the linked stories of the lives of the members
They record how long someone occupies a given
state
They link events across the life course & across
domains
They enable investigation of the cause & effects, early
experience to later outcomes
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Life course Perspective
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Holistic
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Transitions & pathways
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Interconnectedness
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Linked lives
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Design Principles
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Continuity & comparability
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Age, cohort & period effects
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Spatial effects
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Consultation
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Harmonisation
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Life course perspective
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MCS - Design Features
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Cohort born over 12 month period
 Season of birth effects
 Spread workload of professional interviewers
 Sampling necessitated
Geographically clustered by electoral ward
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Wards disproportionately stratified - 3 types:
advantaged; disadvantaged1; and high minority ethnic2
Content multi-purpose & multidisciplinary
1 Poorest 25% of wards on Child Poverty Index.
2 At least 30% of 1991 Census ward population = 'Black‘/'Asian‘ – England only.
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MCS – Sweeps & sources of information
MCS1
(2001/2)
9 months
MCS2
(2003/4)
3 years
MCS3
(2005/6)
5 years
MCS4
(2007/8)
7 years
Mother
Mother
Mother
Mother
Father
Father
Father
Father
Child
Child
Child
Older
siblings
Older
siblings
Older
siblings
Includes c500 ‘new
families’ missed by
DWP at MCS1
Teachers
Education
records
Education
records
Birth
records
Medical
records
Medical
records
Medical
records
18,819
?
?
?
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MCS1 – Achieved samples
Achieved Responses **
Target
Number of
sample as
sample
Single
Families
Partners
boosted Children
'wards' *
Parents
interviewed
Total UK
398
20,646
18,819
18,553
13,599
3,194
ENGLAND
200
13,146
11,695
11,533
8,558
1,853
WALES
73
3,000
2,799
2,761
1,957
590
N IRELAND
63
2,000
1,955
1,923
1,326
376
SCOTLAND
62
2,500
2,370
2,336
1,758
375
Notes
* counting 'superwards' as a single ** all productive contacts
NB: Wards vary in births/12 months (4-600). To minimise fieldwork problems, small wards combined as
'superwards' with at least 24 expected births/12 months.
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MCS1 - Response Rates
Achieved Response In-scope
Rate
Fieldwork
Response Rate
WALES
72%
84%
ENGLAND
68%
82%
SCOTLAND
70%
85%
NORTHERN
IRELAND
63%
79%
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MCS1 & 2 - Main/Partner Topics
MCS2 (including c500 ‘new families’)
MCS1
Topic
Household
A: Non-resident parents
B: Father’s involvement with baby
C: Pregnancy, Labour and Delivery
D: Baby’s health and development
E: Childcare
F: Grandparents and Friends
G: Parent’s health
H: Self-completion
Main
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Partner
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(Attitudes to marriage, parenting, work, etc)
J: Employment and Education
K: Housing and local area
L: Interests and time with baby
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Topic
1 Household
2 Parental situation
3 Parent’s involvement with child
4 Child Health
5 Grandparents and Friends
6 Parent’s health
7 Housing and local area
8 Employment and education
9 Employment history
10 Childcare
11 Other Matters
12 Self-completion
Main
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Partner
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(Child behaviour, discipline mental health,
relationships, attitudes to parenting, drugs,
alcohol, life satisfaction etc)
13 Older siblings
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more…
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Cohort studies - Why use dependent interviewing
Why use dependent interviewing
Design a more efficient means of
collecting information, eliminating
recording redundancies
Reduce respondent burden
Reduce measurement error associated
with responses to open-ended items,
specifically those in which slight
variation in response wording results in
significant differences with respect to a
classification.
Reduce or eliminate seam effects
Now
Future
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With thanks to: Mathiowetz Nancy A. and McGonagle Katherine A. (2000) An assessment of the current state of dependent interviewing in
household surveys Journal of official statistics 16 pp 401-418
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MCS2 - Feed forward/Dependent interviewing
MCS2
Routes for 'old' / 'new' families
Correctly identify MCS child(ren)
Identify ‘main’ / ’partner’ respondents /
their whereabouts
Recall period
Guidance for interviewer
Breastfeeding
Grandparents involvement with children /
grandchild(ren); separation
Basic skills problems
Employment history
Childcare arrangements / history
Older siblings
MCS1 feed forward
MCS1 participation
Name / sex / dob
‘Main’ / ’partner’ name
Interview date
‘Main’ / ‘partner’ sight / language problem
‘Still breastfeeding’
‘Main’ / ‘partner’ parents alive / dead /
separated at last survey
‘Main’ basic skills problems
‘Main’ employment status
Childcare arrangements
Older sibling in household grid
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MCS2 – Use of feed forward 1
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MCS2 – Use of feed forward 2
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MCS2 – Use of feed forward 3
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NCDS - Follow-ups & information sources
NCDS6 NCDS7
PMS
NCDS1
NCDS2
NCDS3
NCDS4
NCDS5
(1958)
Birth
(1965)
7
(1969)
11
(1974)
16
(1981)
23
(1991)
33
(2000)
42
(2004)
46
17,733a
16,883
16,835
16,915
16,457
15,600
15,145
12,800
Mother
Medical
—
—
Parents
—
Parents
—
Parents
School
—
School
—
School
Tests
—
Tests
—
Tests
Medical
—
Medical
—
Medical
Subject
—
Subject
—
Subject
—
Subject
Census
—
Census
Exams – details of
public examination
results were gathered
from schools and
colleges in 1978
—
Subject
—
Subject
}
1 in 3
sample
— Subject
Spouse/
Partner
}
1 in 3
sample
Motherc
Children
15,568
15,503
14,761
12,537
11,407
11,419
17,414b
Notes
a: Target sample - Excludes emigrants, refusals & deaths. Includes immigrants at NCDS1-3.
b: Achieved sample - At least on survey instrument partially completed
c: Mother - Could be Cohort Member or spouse/partner
?
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BCS70 - Follow-ups & information sources
BBS
(1970)
Birth
Mother
CHES
(1975)
5
—
—
—
Youthscan
(1986)
16
Parents
—
Parents
School
—
School
Tests
—
Tests
Medical — Medical
—
Medical
Subject
—
Subject
Parents
Tests
Medical
CHES
(1980)
10
—
BCS70
(1996)
26
—
Subject
BCS70
(2004)
34
BCS70
(2000)
30
—
Subject
—
Subject
Children
(1 in 2 sample)
16,135a
13,135
14,875
11,628
9,003
11,261
?
Notes
a: Achieved sample. NB: Target sample excluded emigrants, refusals & deaths; and included immigrants in 1975 & 1980.
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BCS70/NCDS 2004: Feed forward/Dependent interviewing
BCS70/NCDS 2004
Correctly identify BCS70 cohort member
Recall period
Guidance for interviewer
Household grid
Partnership status / history
Pregnancy history / children / adopted
children
Current housing / history
Marital status / partnership history
Partner education
Economic activity / job history
Partner’s economic activity
Height
Parents in household / separation / death
BCS70/NCDS 2000 feed forward
Name / sex / dob
Interview date
Sight / hearing / speech / reading / learning /
other problem / children aged 0-13
Household grid - name / age /relationship of
household members
Partner status
Children / adopted children
Date moved into current accommodation
Marital status / partnership history
Age partner left education
Economic activity
Partner’s economic activity
Height
Parents in household / separation / death
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Cohort Studies - Websites for further information
MCS: http://cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/MCS/mcsmain.htm
BCS70: http://cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Bcs/mainbcs.htm
NCDS: http://cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds/mainncds.htm
ESDS Longitudinal: http://www.esds.ac.uk/longitudinal/introduction.asp
UK Data Archive: http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/
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