Transcript Nanotechnology for Educators: Integrating Emerging
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Nanotechnology: Challenges and Opportunities NAWI Conference May 2008 Burlington Vermont
Application of nanoscience is not new!
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
Nanotechnology – A Definition • “Nano” – from Greek – meaning 1 billionth • Can have a nanohour, nanogallon, nano mile etc. Nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter, 1nm = 10 hydrogen atoms in a line • In reality, chemists, biologists and other scientists have been dealing with nanotechnology for decades.
• • Nanotechnology : The ability to imagine, design, investigate, modify, model, manipulate any substance at the molecular or atomic level.
National Science Foundation: Products with dimensions 1 to 100 nanometers.
• It is not a “new discovery” in itself – it is the application of tools and understanding to a new (very small) universe that will lead to new discoveries and science.
• • • • Critical developments: AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) Carbon and optical tweezers © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
Macro – Micro - Nano
Macro or Conventional Machines
Build and assemble
(m - mm) Micromachines
Build in place
Nanosystems
Brought together by forces at the atomic level
(0.1 mm 0.1 µm)
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
(100- 1 nm)
Source: TVI
Courtesy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
A bacterium, ~ 1000 nm A red blood cell, ~ 7000 nm A virus, ~ 100 nm © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Aspirin, ~1 nm
Starpharma.com
350 years ago the development of the microscope changed the way we viewed our world.
The development of the Atomic Force Microscope will impact our current view of biology, chemistry and physics.
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Tip of an AFM: Scientific American Sept. 2001
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Courtesy: IBM
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
It’s Just…… • Studying and working with objects that are very small…..
– Molecules, atoms, proteins etc.
• Why do we think it is so hard?
– Can’t see it?
– Complex equipment?
– Different capabilities?
– Believe it won’t impact us?
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
Being able to manipulate objects at the nanoscale will impact…… • Any company or industry that wants to make “things”……..
• • • • • • • • • Harder Softer Stronger More flexible Greener Cheaper Faster Safer More reliable Pipe makers Farmers Soldiers Airplanes Cars Buildings Machinery manufacturers Doctors, nurses Diagnostic companies (human or other) Food suppliers © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 IEEE Spectrum May 2004
IBM Copper CMOS 7S Technology © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Machine with pollen grain and red blood cells (Sandia)
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 MEMS (Micro Electrical Mechanical Systems) (Sandia)
What are Microsystems (MST)?
Tiny, integrated, self-aware, stand-alone products, (based on microfabricated components) that can
Sense Think
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
Communicate Act
Source: TVI
Micro-Robots for Homeland Security and Search & Rescue operations
Sandia National Laboratories
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
Multi-Disciplinary Nature of Nanotechnology Represents both a Challenge and an Opportunity • • • Challenge: Need a bit of knowledge about all of the sciences to really understand a concept Goes against the stove pipe approach of traditional education AND industry • • • • Opportunity: Allows for multiple skills/interests to be exploited Can excite students Clear application and validation for teamwork and inquiry/project based learning © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
Graduates of the DCTC AAS Degree NanoScience Technologist Program are….
• • • • • • • • • • Obtaining 4 year degrees Testing (independently) thermally conductive materials and gels Integrating nanoparticles into material manufacturing lines Working as part of a crystallography research team Designing and testing nano indentation equipment Evaluating tissue growth on different materials Creating and testing coating for medical devices Maintaining and operating electronics fabrication equipment Using the AFM to image biopolymer systems Working with a research team to develop fuel cell membranes © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
So what are we afraid of?
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
According to former Secretary of Education Richard Riley . . .
From “Did You Know” series (next 30 charts)
The top 10 in demand jobs in 2010 didn’t exist in 2004.
We are currently preparing students for jobs that don’t yet exist . . .
Using technologies that haven’t been invented . . .
In order to solve problems we don’t even know are problems yet.
Name this country . . .
• Richest in the World • Largest Military • Center of world business and finance • Strongest education system • World center of innovation and invention • Currency the world standard of value • Highest standard of living
England.
In 1900.
Did you know . . .
The U.S. is 20
th
in the world in broadband Internet penetration.
(Luxembourg just passed us.)
In 2002 alone Nintendo invested more than $140 million in research and development.
The U.S. Federal Government spent less than half as much on Research and Innovation in Education.
1 out of every 8 couples married in the U.S. last year met online.
There are over 100 million registered users of MySpace.
(August 2006)
The average MySpace page is visited 30 times a day.
Did you know . . .
We are living in exponential times.
There are over 2.7 billion searches performed on Google each month.
To whom were these questions addressed B.G.?
(Before Google)
The number of text messages sent and received every day exceeds the population of the planet.
There are about 540,000 words in the English language . . .
About 5 times as many as during Shakespeare’s time.
More than 3,000 new books are published . . .
Daily.
It’s estimated that a week’s worth of New York Times . . .
Contains more information than a person was likely to come across in a lifetime in the 18
th
century.
It’s estimated that 40 exabytes (that’s 4.0 x 10
19
) of unique new information will be generated worldwide this year.
That’s estimated to be more than in the previous 5,000 years.
The amount of new technical information is doubling every 2 years.
It’s predicted to double every 72 hours by 2010.
So what are we afraid of?
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
That the world is moving too fast?
That the problems are so big?
That we can’t make a difference?
It is too complicated?
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
In-Body Sensors Could Warn Doctors Experts Say Sci-Fi-Like Idea Could Easily Become Future of Medicine By ASHLEY PHILLIPS May 12, 2008 —
In the next 10 to 20 years, the technology that allows us to use wireless headsets to chat on our cell phones could keep doctors in the loop on your blood sugar levels, your blood pressure and if you have a sudden heart attack, according to a report released in the United Kingdom last week. According to a report released by Ofcom, the independent regulator and competition authority for communications industries in the United Kingdom, humans could one day have "in-body networks," a series of sensors implanted in a patient's body to let doctors monitor the body remotely. The report also predicted the creation of "on-body monitors," wearable devices that would send vital information like blood pressure via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to a portable monitor such as a watch or a cell phone. Both technologies are being researched in U.K. universities. In theory, devices such as this could transmit information that you were having a heart attack or a stroke to the nearest emergency room or to your doctor. © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
Although it sounds like the stuff of science fiction, emergency room doctors say that the technology sounds possible in theory, but it could face problems in real emergency rooms. Dr. Sheldon Jacobson, the Department of Emergency Medicine chair at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, says that alongside high-tech pacemakers and internal defibrillators, this type of monitoring system wouldn't be that difficult to imagine. "It wouldn't be that much of a technological feat to have that information transmitted to an answering station," Jacobson said. "With the current technology it's a very likely situation that can happen. & [The question is] to whom would you want to do it and why would you want to do it?" For example, people who have heart attacks are often alone and often have them in their sleep, according to Jacobson. People who are especially high risk have an internal defibrillator placed inside. "If for some reason you didn't want an internal defibrillator, they could have a sensor placed that had a communication that would monitor their hearts," Jacobson said. "I don't know that there's a big need for it, but it might fill a small niche." Similarly, Richard O'Brien, an emergency doctor at Moses Taylor Hospital and a spokesman for the American College of Emergency Physicians, sees problems trading wireless exchanges of information for face-to-face care. "I think it's an odd concept," O'Brien said. "It's not the message from the person to a computer that treats a person. It's the hands-on care." O'Brien sees two other major problems with the plan: a lack of infrastructure and privacy issues. "I'm concerned that if it became ubiquitous it would be like car alarms going off in the city. There would be so much data going in," he said. "We would have the systems in place to handle all those calls. There will be false alarms." Personal privacy isn't as big of a concern for the doctor, however he acknowledged that it might be for others. "If I'm the patient and I have a life-threatening disease, I don't care about my privacy. I care about my life," he said. However, with hacking, "you might be able to monitor all the neighbors' illnesses." O'Brien called the technology a "phenomenal" idea -- if it works. "If I have an erratic heart rhythm and I live alone, this would be a lifesaver. & The upside is if you can get a caregiver or emergency medical services to you faster that's good. It will give data to the caregivers. They know you're a diabetic. That's useful information," he said. "On the other hand, I'm the 21-year veteran of emergency medicine and I totally trust the computer. [If the computer's wrong], that's something that could get me in trouble." Copyright © 2008 ABC News Internet Vent © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
Physics Math Chemistry Engineering Biotech Medical © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Nano Science And Technology Electronics Communication Agriculture Hospitality Clothing Transportation Construction Materials Medical Diagnostics
Physics Math Chemistry Engineering Biotech Medical © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
What does this mean for education?
Provide a broad based education Pull in modeling Help students start thinking at the nano scale Emphasis on team work Nano Science And Technology
What does this mean for corporate training?
Increase access to various journals Encourage/allow attendance at various conferences Invited speakers from diverse disciplines Concepts in addition to hands on
What does this mean for education?
Good relationships with industry Career planning Remove stovepipes Teach market relationships
What does this mean for corporations?
Unexpected competition M and A variations Expanded horizons Nano Science And Technology Electronics Communication Agriculture Hospitality Clothing Transportation Construction Materials Medical Diagnostics © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
So what are we afraid of?
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
Why change?
• • • • • Global demand for scientists, engineers and technicians will not be met based on current projections What we have is not working – granted: some successes, some places working Needs of the customer, especially in nanoscience are not being met Industry says – Give me an employee who: – has an understanding of: • the concepts of nano, • how properties, forces and interactions can or may operate – knows capabilities, limitations and operation of experimental tools, i.e. AFM, SPM, mass spc. And – Can communicate, work in a team and think on their feet and we will teach them the specific nuances of my company, product and market © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
• • • • What can we change?
What’s the problem?
What can I do?
Changes: – Lead with an application to explain the detail science (CD players, fuel cells, IPODs) – Celebrate and encourage multi-disciplinary learning, educators, teams – Introduce concepts in earlier grades – Multi-disciplinary examples Challenges: – Fighting the status quo – Only 3 years ‘til I retire – – I teach physics – I’ll never teach it to sophomores Redirecting the large ship (texts, tests, standards etc.) – It is not going to be easy Note: – There is certainly a place for mathematics, pure sciences, derivation – but is there a place for memorization and regurgitation Actions: – Explain the vocabulary of your discipline, ask questions, help translate – Companies – include some science in the web page product explanation – Researchers, Engineers – get to the schools, Kiwanis, Rotary, 4H etc.
– Teachers - start every lecture with How? Or Why? Not This is – Communicate – with each other, educators , systems and the government © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
Impacts are many and multi-faceted Challenge: Measuring and predicting the societal and economic impacts of NT. (R. Colwell, Dec 2003) • • Benefits – “Every” market segment • Electronics • Medical diagnostics • Small tech analysis and machines Risks – Health – Environment – Security- Terrorism • Other Issues – Privacy – Patents/IP – Regulation – Public awareness and involvement © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
So What Do We Do?
• • • • • • • • • Learn: – NanoToday.com
– SmallTimes.com
– MIT Emerging Technologies/Nanotechnology Newsletters Create the Venn diagram of Government/Industry/Academia “True” Leadership buy in Find your “Champions” and nurture them Approach industry with something on the page Use local and state wide professional and technology organizations Create the pathways – start at high school level with nanoscale in traditional classes Look to the pioneers Tie in to existing infrastructure – NT is really not that different © Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007
C B © Deb Newberry 2008 NT BI P MS NT BI C B P MS C B P MS C B P MS C B P MS Lesson Plans Activities Enquiry Based Problems Experiments Assessment Methods Lesson Plans Activities Enquiry Based Problems Experiments Assessment Methods Lesson Plans Activities Enquiry Based Problems Experiments Assessment Methods Lesson Plans Activities Enquiry Based Problems Experiments Assessment Methods
© Deb Newberry 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007