Transcript Unit 4: The New Republic - Woodrow Wilson Middle School

Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Precedent
 Cabinet
 Bond
 National Debt
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Unit 4: The New
Republic
Chapter 8: A New Nation
Chapter 9: The Jefferson Era
Chapter 10: Growth and Expansion
Chapter 8: A New Nation
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Section 1: The First President
Section 2: Early Challenges
Section 3: The First Political Parties
Chapter 8 Section 1: The First
President
Main Idea
Supporting Details
President George
Washington
First
Precedents
Traditions
President’s
Cabinet
president of the United States
April 30, 1789- Took Oath of Office in New York City
John Adams elected vice-president
that were followed by succeeding presidents
Two-term presidency
“Mr. President”
Structure of the executive branch (Cabinet)
Congress
created five departments to assist the
president
State Department, Treasury Department, War
Department, Attorney General, and Postmaster General
Chapter 8 Section 1: The First
President

President George Washington
Source: http://lexikon.freenet.de/images/de/thumb/2/2e/GeorgeWashington.jpg/180px-George-Washington.jpg
Chapter 8 Section 1: The First President
Main Idea
Supporting Details
State Department
Relations
Treasury
Department
Handle
War Department
National
Attorney General
Government’s
Postmaster General
Direct
with other nations
Thomas Jefferson- first Secretary of State
financial matters of the U.S.
Alexander Hamilton was the first Treasury Secretary
defense
Henry Knox- first Secretary of War
legal affairs
Edmund Randolph- first Attorney General
the postal service
Review and Process
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
1) What precedents did President
Washington establish?
2) What were the original Cabinet offices?
Write a one sentence summary about
what you have learned today!
Bell Work


Based on what you learned yesterday,
complete the following quick-write activity:
Create three “What if?” questions about
the precedents established by George
Washington.
Chapter 8 Section 1: The First
President
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Judiciary Act of
1789
Federal
Bill of Rights
A
court system with 13 district and 3 circuit
courts
Power to reverse state court decisions
Supreme Court-highest court with final authority
John Jay- first chief justice
guarantee of personal liberties
James Madison proposed a list of amendments
Congress passed 12 amendments
The states ratified 10 amendments
December 1791- 10 amendments added to
Constitution
Chapter 8 Section 1: The First
President
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Hamilton Plan
Alexander
What ideas did
Hamilton have to
build the U.S.
economy?
Bank of the United
States
Hamilton’s plan to strengthen the U.S.
economy
Pay back money owed to other countries and citizens
Federal government assume states’ debts
Congress- pay off debts to other nations, not to
American citizens
Bank
of the United States
Protective tariff

National
Central
taxes
institution of U.S. finance
Madison and Jefferson opposed, claiming it would only
benefit the wealthy
President Washington signed the bill
Chapter 8 Section 1: The First
President

Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of the
Treasury
Source: http://www.factbook.org/wikipedia/en/media/2/22/hamilton_small.jpg
Chapter 8 Section 1: The First
President
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Protective Tariff
Protect
National Taxes
Variety
Opposition to the
Hamilton Plan
Government
American industry from foreign competition
Opposed by the South- had little industry to protect
of taxes were approved by Congress, including
one on whiskey
bond owners who lost money
Southern states- state debt was less than Northern
states
Compromise- move nation’s capital from New York City
to a special district between Maryland and Virginia
Review and Process
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1) What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?
2) How did the Bill of Rights become part
of the Constitution?
3)How did Alexander Hamilton propose to
fix the U.S. economy?
4) Why did the southern states oppose
Hamilton’s economic plan?
Write a one sentence summary about
what you learned today!
Bell Work
1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Impressment
 Neutrality
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.

Chapter 8 Section 2: Early Challenges
Main Idea
Supporting Details
The Whiskey
Rebellion
July
Problems in the
West
Native
1794- federal officers sent to western
Pennsylvania to collect a tax on whiskey
Farmers refused to pay
Armed protest, tax collectors attacked
President Washington sends army to stop rebellion
U.S. Government uses force to maintain social order
Americans between Appalachian Mountains and
Mississippi River disputed U.S. land claims
Native Americans wanted help from Britain and Spain
to stop American settlers from moving onto these lands
U.S. hoped treaties signed with Native Americans
would keep Spanish and British out
American settlers ignored treaties
Gen. Arthur St. Clair sent to restore order
November 1791- St. Clair was badly defeated by the
Miami, Shawnee, and Delaware tribes
Chapter 8 Section 2: Early Challenges
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Battle of Fallen
Timbers
August
Treaty of Greenville
1795-
1794- Native Americans demand all
American settlers north of Ohio River leave
General Anthony “Mad Dog” Wayne sent to
restore order
General Wayne’s army defeated over 1,000
Native Americans at Fallen Timbers
Native Americans agreed to surrender
most of the land in present-day Ohio
Chapter 8 Section 2: Early
Challenges

General Anthony Wayne
Source:
http://www.earlyamerica.com/portraits/away
ne.html
Review and Process

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1) What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
2) Why was President Washington’s decision to
use force to stop the rebellion significant?
3) Explain the problems the U.S was having with
Native Americans in the west.
4) What occurred as a result of the U.S. victory
at the Battle of Fallen Timbers?
Write a one sentence summary about what you
learned today!!
Bell Work


Based on what you learned yesterday,
complete the following quick-write activity:
Make an argument FOR or AGAINST
President Washington’s use of force to
stop the Whiskey Rebellion.
Chapter 8 Section 2: Early Challenges
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Problems with
Britain and
France
1793-
Edmond Genet
French
Proclamation of
Neutrality 1793
April
Britain and France went to war
Washington hoped U.S. could remain neutral
British began capturing American ships and
impressing American sailors
diplomat
April 1793- Went to U.S. to recruit American
volunteers
Few hundred Americans served on French ships
22, 1793- announced by President
Washington
Prohibited Americans from fighting in the war
Prohibited British ships from American ports
Chapter 8 Section 2: Early Challenges
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Jay’s Treaty 1795
Negotiated
Pinckney’s Treaty
1795
Treaty
Washington’s
Farewell
Washington
by Chief Justice John Jay
Withdraw from American soil
Pay damages for seized ships
American trade in West Indies
Controversial because it did address impressment
with Spain negotiated by Thomas Pinckney
Right to sail Mississippi River
American trade in New Orleans
decided not to seek a third term
Two term presidency set a precedent followed until
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1797- Washington warned against the evils of political
parties and problems with foreign affairs
Chapter 8 Section 2: Early
Challenges

Chief Justice John Jay
Source: http://www.npg.si.edu/img2/brush/big/bigjay.jpg
Review and Process
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1) What problems did the U.S. have with Britain
and France in the 1790’s?
2) What was the Proclamation of Neutrality?
3) What were the terms to Jay’s Treaty of 1795?
4) What warnings did President Washington
make in his farewell address?
Write a one sentence summary about what you
learned today!!
Bell Work
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1) Define the vocabulary words listed below:
Partisan
Implied Powers
Alien
Sedition
Nullify
State’s Rights
2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term
correctly.
Chapter 8 Section 3: The First Political
Parties
Main Idea
Supporting Details
How did political
Americans divided into opposing groups
parties emerge in Two parties- Federalists and Democraticthe United States? Republicans
Federalists
Leader-
Alexander Hamilton
Strong federal government
Rule by the wealthy
National bank
Loose interpretation of Constitution
Banking and shipping interests
British alliance
Protective tariffs
Chapter 8 Section 3: The First Political
Parties
Main Idea
Supporting Details
DemocraticRepublicans
Leader-
1796 Presidential
Election
Thomas Jefferson
Strong state governments
Emphasis on agricultural products
Rule by the people
State banks
Government in which people participate
Strict interpretation of Constitution
French alliance
Free trade
Federalists- John Adams for president and Charles
Pinckney for vice-president
Democratic-Republicans- Thomas Jefferson for
president and Aaron Burr for vice-president
Adams- 71 electoral votes, Jefferson 68 votes
Jefferson was named vice-president
Chapter 8 Section 3: The First
Political Parties

President John Adams
Source:
http://www.americanheritage.com/assets/images/articles/web/20080320JohnAdams.jpg
Review and Process
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1) How did political parties emerge in the U.S?
2) What issues did the Federalists support?
3) What issues did the Democratic-Republicans
support?
4) What was the result of the election of 1796?
Write a one sentence summary about what you
learned today!!
Bell Work


Based on what you learned yesterday,
complete the following quick-write activity:
Explain, in a summary statement, how
political parties emerged in the United
States.
Chapter 8 Section 3: The First Political
Parties
Main Idea
Supporting Details
XYZ Affair
France
Quasi-War with
France 1798
Adams
believed U.S. was helping British in their war
President Adams sends delegation to France
Charles de Talleyrand, the French foreign minister,
refused to meet the Americans
Talleyrand sent three agents to demand a bribe
U.S. refused the terms, agents called X, Y, and Z
urged Congress to prepare for war
April 1798- Congress establishes Navy Department
War was fought on the sea, 90 French ships seized
September 1800- agreement was negotiated to end
the conflict
Chapter 8 Section 3: First Political Parties
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Alien Act 1798
Make
it more difficult for aliens to become U.S. citizens
Allow president to imprison or deport aliens
Believed aliens would not be loyal to the U.S. if they
went to war with France
Made
Sedition Act 1798
Kentucky and
Virginia Resolutions
1798-1799
it a crime to speak, write, or publish “false,
scandalous, and malicious” criticisms of the government
Law targeted opponents of the Federalist
administration
Written
by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Defended states’ rights
Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional
Each state had the right to nullify federal laws
Americans feared a strong central government
Chapter 8 Section 3: The First
Political Parties

President James Madison
Source: http://www.capecodhistory.us/quotes/pictures/James%20Madison.jpg
Review and Process
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1) What was the XYZ Affair?
2) What was the purpose of the Alien Act?
3) What was the purpose of the Sedition
Act?
4) What were the Kentucky and Virginia
Resolutions?
Write a one sentence summary about
what you learned today!!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Unconstitutional
 Laissez-faire
 Judicial Review
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 9: The Jefferson Era
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Section
Section
Section
Section
1:
2:
3:
4:
The Republicans Take Power
The Louisiana Purchase
A Time of Conflict
The War of 1812
Chapter 9 Section 1: Republicans Take
Power
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Election of 1800
John
12th Amendment
Adams and Charles Pinckney-Federalist
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr-DemocraticRepublicans
Jefferson and Burr tied- 73 electoral votes each
House of Representatives decided election
Federalists support Burr
Alexander Hamilton convinces a Federalist to support
Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson becomes the 3rd president
Passed
in 1803 to prevent another election deadlock
Required electors to vote for president and vicepresident on separate ballots
Republicans Take Power

Aaron Burr- Vice President
Chapter 9 Section 1: Republicans Take Power
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Midnight
Appointments”
President
Adams makes late appointments to courts
Adams appoints John Marshall as new Chief Justice
Adams and Marshall worked to process commissions
Some commissions not processed before Jefferson
was inaugurated
Marbury v. Madison
1803
William
Judicial Review
Right
Marbury’s commisson unprocessed
Marbury appealed to the Supreme Court
Chief Justice John Marshall ruled the Supreme Court
did not have jurisdiction to decide Marbury’s case
First time that judicial review was used
of Supreme Court to review acts of the other
branches of government
Judicial branch check on the other branches of
government
Supreme Court is final authority of constitutionality
Republicans Take Power

Thomas Jefferson
Chapter 9 Section 1: Republicans Take
Power
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Jefferson’s Policies
James
Madison named Secretary of State and
Albert Gallatin named Secretary of the Treasury
Alien and Sedition Acts expired
Reduced national debt by reducing size of military
Repeal internal taxes
Government funds would come from customs
duties, tariffs, and sale of western lands
Number of government employees reduced
Review and Process
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1) Explain the significance of the election of
1800.
2) Why was the 12th Amendment adopted in
1803?
3) Why was Marbury v. Madison an important
Supreme Court ruling?
4) How were President Jefferson’s policies
different from his predecessors’?
Write a one sentence summary about what you
learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Confederation
 Secede
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 9 Section 2: Louisiana
Purchase
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Louisiana
Territory
Belonged
Spain and
France’s secret
agreement
1802-
to Spain
Extended from New Orleans to the Rocky
Mountains and an undefined northern boundary
American pioneers settled near rivers that fed
into the Mississippi River
American settlers had access to Mississippi River
Spain closed Mississippi River to American
trade
Spain secretly transferred Louisiana to France
Napoleon, France’s emperor, wanted to expand
his empire in North America
Chapter 9 Section 2: Louisiana
Territory

Napoleon Bonaparte- First Counsel of
France
Source: http://wizardtrivia.com/media/napoleon_bonaparte.jpg
Chapter 9 Section 2: Louisiana
Territory
Main Idea
Supporting Details
The Louisiana
Purchase 1803
President
Jefferson authorized Robert Livingston to offer
$10 million for New Orleans and West Florida
Santo Domingo revolt forced Napoleon to change his
plans in the New World
French needed money to finance war with Britain
U.S. bought Louisiana for $15 million
October 1803- U.S. ratified treaty with France to make
purchase legal
Federalists concerned new territory would become
Why did the
Federalists oppose agricultural and Democratic-Republican
Federalists were afraid of losing power
the Louisiana
A group of Federalists planned to secede from the Union
Purchase?
Review and Process
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
1) What were the terms of the agreement made
between France and Spain in 1802?
2) Why was President Jefferson concerned about
the agreement between France and Spain?
3) Why did President Jefferson want to acquire
New Orleans?
4) Why did Napoleon sell all of Louisiana to the
U.S?
Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work


Based on what you learned yesterday,
complete the following quick-write activity:
YOU have an opportunity to interview
President Jefferson after the Louisiana
Purchase. Write three questions that you
would ask him and how you think he
would answer those questions.
Chapter 9 Section 2: Louisiana
Territory
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Northern
Confederacy
Federalists
Hamilton-Burr
Duel
July
wanted to form Northern Confederacy
that included New York
1804- Federalists supported Aaron Burr in New
York gubernatorial election
Alexander Hamilton heard Burr intended to lead
New York out of the Union
Burr blamed Hamilton for his loss and challenged
him to a duel
1804 at Weehawken, New Jersey
Hamilton fired first and missed
Burr fired second and mortally wounded Hamilton
Hamilton died the next day
Burr fled so that he would not be arrested
Chapter 9 Section 2: Louisiana
Territory
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Lewis and Clark
Expedition 18031806
President
Jefferson sent Captain Meriwether Lewis
and Lieutenant William Clark to explore the
Louisiana Territory
President Jefferson- expedition was a scientific
adventure
Congress- interested in commercial possibilities
Lewis and Clark create 30 man crew known as
Corps of Discovery
April 1804- leave St. Louis
Kept a journal of people, plants, animals, and
geography of the new lands
Late 1805- Reached the Pacific Ocean, spent
winter at Ft. Clatsop
Section 2: Louisiana Territory

Meriwether Lewis
Section 2: Louisiana Territory

William Clark
Review and Process

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1) How did President Jefferson and
Congress differ in their views on the Lewis
and Clark Expedition?
2) Why were the Federalists opposed to
the Louisiana Purchase?
3) Why did Aaron Burr challenge
Alexander Hamilton to a duel?
Write a one sentence summary about
what you have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Embargo
 Nationalism
 Neutral Rights
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 9 Section 3: A Time of Conflict
Main Idea
Supporting details
Impressment
Britain
ChesapeakeLeopard Affair
1807
British
kidnapped American sailors
Britain claimed those sailors they were deserters
ship Leopard intercepts American ship Chesapeake
Captain of the Leopard demands to search Chesapeake
Chesapeake refused and was attacked
Embargo Act
1807-1808
Designed
Non-Intercourse Act
March
to hurt Britain
Banned imports from and exports to foreign nations
Ineffective against Britain- traded with Latin America
1, 1809- The Embargo Act was repealed
Reinstated trade with foreign nations EXCEPT Britain and
France
Section 3: A Time of Conflict

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
Chapter 9 Section 3: A Time of Conflict
Main Idea
Supporting Details
War Fever
U.S.
War Hawks
faced war with France and Britain
Both countries seized American ships
Britain continued impressment
President Madison considered Britain the greater threat
to U.S. security
1810-
Young Democratic-Republicans elected to
Congress
Aggressive policy toward the British
Led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun
Quadrupled size of the military
Nationalism appealing to Americans
Review and Process
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1) How did Britain justify impressment of American
sailors?
2) Why did Congress pass the Embargo Act of 1808?
3) Who were the War Hawks?
4) Why did the American public experience war fever?
Write a one sentence summary about what you have
learned today!
Bell Work


Based on what you learned yesterday,
complete the following quick-write activity:
Make an argument FOR or AGAINST going
to war with Great Britain.
Chapter 9 Section 3: A Time of Conflict
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Problems in the
West
Settlers
Tecumseh
Shawnee
claimed lands guaranteed to Native
Americans
Native Americans made agreements with British
for protection
Native American tribes formed a confederacy
chief
Leader of the Native American confederation in
Northwest
Believed land was meant for all Native Americans
to live on
Chapter 9 Section 3: A Time of
Conflict

Chief Tecumseh- Shawnee
Source: http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/218.jpg
Chapter 9 Section 3: A Time of Conflict
Main Idea
Supporting Details
The Prophet
Tecumseh’s
brother
Believed Native Americans should return to the
customs of their ancestors
Founded Prophetstown near present-day Lafayette,
Indiana
Battle of Tippecanoe 1811- U.S. General William Henry Harrison attacked
1811
Prophetstown near the Tippecanoe River
Americans won the battle
Tecumseh and the British became more closely united
Why did the U.S.
declare war against
Great Britain?
British
made alliance with Tecumseh
Continued impressment
Seized American ships
June 1, 1812- U.S. declares war
Review and Process
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1) What problems did the U.S. have with
their Native American neighbors?
2) Who was Tecumseh?
3) Why was the Battle of Tipecanoe
significant?
4) Why did the U.S. declare war on Britain
in June 1812?
Write a one sentence summary about
what you have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Confederation
 Privateer
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 9 Section 4: War of 1812
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Canadian
Invasions
July
Battle of Lake
Erie
September
1812- General William Hull led an American
invasion from Detroit
August 1812- Hull was forced to retreat and
surrendered Detroit
General William Henry Harrison led an 2nd invasion
but failed
13, 1813- American naval forces led by
Oliver Hazard Perry fought the British
American navy defeated the British
Gained control of Lake Erie
Forced British to retreat from Detroit
Chapter 9 Section 4: War of 1812
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Battle of the
Thames
General
Battle of
Horseshoe Bend
Tecumseh
William Henry Harrison cut off British
retreat from Detroit
October 5, 1813 American forces defeat British
and Native Americans
Tecumseh killed; hopes for a Native American
confederation were lost
planned on uniting with Creek nation
March 1814- U.S. General Andrew Jackson
attacked the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend
Americans easily defeated the Creeks
Creeks forced to give up most of their lands
Chapter 9 Section 4: War of
1812

General William Henry Harrison
Source:
http://www.ducksters.com/biography/uspresidents/williamhenryharrison.jpg
Review and Process

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
1) What was the outcome of the Battle of Lake
Erie?
2) What was the outcome of the Battle of the
Thames?
3) How were hopes for a Native American
confederation lost?
4) What was the outcome of the Battle of
Horseshoe Bend?
Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work


Based on what you learned yesterday,
complete the following quick-write activity:
Create three “What if?” questions based
on the events at the beginning of the War
of 1812.
Chapter 9 Section 4: The War of 1812
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Attack on
Washington, D.C
August
Battle at Fort
McHenry,
Baltimore
September
Battle of Lake
Champlain
(Plattsburgh)
24, 1814- British forces attacked Washington
Capital building and White House were burned
President Madison and the Cabinet escaped capture
13, 1813- British attacked Fort McHenry
Battle lasted all night
Americans successfully defended the fort
Inspired Francis Scott Key to write “Star Spangled
Banner”
Poem helped to inspire American patriotism
September
1814- British forces attempt to capture
Plattsburgh, NY on Lake Champlain
American naval forces defeat the British
British decided that the war was too costly
Section 4: War of 1812

Francis Scott Key- author of the Star
Spangled Banner
Chapter 9 Section 4: The War of 1812
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Treaty of Ghent
1814
In
Battle of New
Orleans 1815
January
December 1814, British and American delegates
met in Ghent, Belgium
The treaty did not change any of the existing borders
in North America
Since the French were defeated in Europe, neutral
rights on the seas was not an issue that needed to be
resolved
8, 1815- American forces under Gen. Andrew
Jackson defeat British forces
Made Jackson a national hero
No effect on the outcome of the war because the
Treaty of Ghent was signed in December 1814
Section 4: War of 1812

General Andrew Jackson
Review and Process
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1) What happened to Washington, DC in August
1814?
2) What was the outcome of the Battle of Fort
McHenry?
3) What were the terms to the Treaty of Ghent?
4) Why did the Battle of New Orleans have no
impact on the outcome of the war?
Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work
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

1) Define the vocabulary words listed below:
Capitalism
Capital
Free Enterprise
Factory System
Interchangeable Parts
2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term
correctly.
Chapter 10: Growth and
Expansion



Section 1: Economic Growth
Section 2: Westward Bound
Section 3: Unity and Sectionalism
Chapter 10 Section 1: Economic
Growth
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Industrial Revolution- Machinery and technology changed how people worked
New England Early
and lived
1800’s
Near needed resources- coal, timber, and water
Workers to handle the growth of industry
Factory System
All
Interchangeable
Parts
manufacturing steps under one roof
Changed the way goods were made
Increased efficiency
Identical
machine parts that could be quickly
assembled to make a complete product
Goods produced in mass quantities
Increased profits for factory owners
Reduced cost of manufacturing goods
Chapter 10 Section 1: Economic
Growth
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Capitalism and Free
Enterprise
Contributed
Slater’s Mill
Lowell’s Mill
to the development of industries
People invested in businesses hoping to make profits
People able to buy, sell, or produce anything
People could choose where to work
Competition, profit, private property, and economic
freedom key parts of market economy
Early
1790’s- Samuel Slater took over a textile mill in
Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Slater copied a design from Richard Arkwright in
Britain
1814-
Established in Waltham, Massachusetts by
Francis Cabot Lowell
Started the factory system in the U.S
Chapter 10 Section 1:
Economic Growth

Lowell’s Mill- 1830
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/businesshistory/2672503462/
Chapter 10 Section 1: Economic
Growth
Main Idea
Supporting Details
New technologies
and scientific
discoveries
Spinning
Growth of Cities
and Towns
Increased
jenny, power loom, and water frame made
textile production more efficient
Most mills were built on rivers- machines ran on
waterpower
1785- steam power used for cotton mills
trade and emergence of factories
New York, Boston, and Baltimore became centers of
commerce
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Louisville benefited from
their location on major rivers
Review and Process




1) Why did the Industrial Revolution begin
in the New England?
2) What are the key parts to a market
economy?
3) What factors resulted in the growth of
towns and cities?
Write a one sentence summary about
what you have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Census
 Turnpike
 Canal
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 10 Section 2: Westward
Bound
Main Idea
Supporting Details
U.S. Population
1790-
Building Roads
Private
4 million people of the U.S.
Most lived east of the Appalachian Mountains
1820- 10 million people in U.S.
2 million people lived west of the Appalachian
Mountains
companies built turnpikes
1803- Ohio asked Congress to build a road to
connect it to the east
1806- Congress approved the construction of a
National Road
National Road not completed until after War of
1812
Chapter 10 Section 2: Westward
Bound

Historic National Road built in
1806 just outside of
Centerville, Indiana
Source:
http://www.flickr.com/photos
Chapter 10 Section 2: Westward
Bound
Main Idea
Supporting Details
River travel
Many
Steamboats
1807-
people traveled west on barges
River travel was more comfortable
Traveling upstream was slow and difficult
Most rivers flowed north-south, not east-west
Robert Fulton built the Clermont
Fulton sailed it on the Hudson River from New
York City and Albany
Steamboats improved transport of people and
goods
Shipping became cheaper and faster
Chapter 10 Section 2:
Westward Bound

Steamboats on the Mississippi River
Review and Process





1) Explain how the U.S. population changed
between 1790 and 1820.
2) Why were turnpikes necessary for westward
expansion?
3) Why did most people prefer river travel?
4) What advantages were provided by the
steamboat?
Write a one sentence summary about what you
have learned today!
Bell Work


Based on what you learned yesterday,
complete the following quick-write activity:
If the U.S. population were to increase at
the same rate as it did between 1790 and
1820, what would happen as a result of
this growth?
Chapter 10 Section 2: Westward
Bound
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Canals
Existing
Erie Canal
October
river system did not connect east with
west
Idea to link New York City with Great Lakes
emerged in New York
Connect Albany on the Hudson River with Lake Erie
26, 1825- Governor DeWitt Clinton of New
York sailed from Buffalo to New York City
Linked the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes
region
363 miles long
Chapter 10 Section 2:
Westward Bound

Erie Canal
Chapter 10 Section 2: Westward
Bound
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Western
Settlement
1816-1820-
five states joined the Union: Indiana,
Illinois, Mississippi, Alabama, and Missouri
People settled along major rivers
People settled with others from their hometowns
Review and Process




1) How was the U.S. going to link the east
with the new western territories?
2) Why was the Erie Canal important for
the U.S?
3) Which states joined the Union from
1816-1820?
Write a one sentence summary about
what you have learned today!
Bell Work
 1) Define the vocabulary words listed
below:
 Sectionalism
 Internal Improvements
 Disarmament
 Demilitarize
 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary
term correctly.
Chapter 10 Section 3: Unity and
Sectionalism
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Era of Good
Feelings 18161820
James
Sectionalism
Early
Monroe won the 1816 Presidential
election and became the 5th president
Federalist Party nearly extinct
Political differences disappeared
President Monroe traveled throughout the
country and was re-elected in 1820
1820’s- regional differences emerged
between North and South
Slavery, protective tariffs, a national bank, and
internal improvements were dividing issues
Chapter 10 Section 3: Unity
and Sectionalism

President James Monroe
Source: http://www.nndb.com/people/026/000043894/james-monroe.jpg
Chapter 10 Section 3: Unity and Sectionalism
Main Idea
Supporting Details
John Calhoun
Planter
Daniel Webster
1812-
Henry Clay
1811-
from South Carolina, the spokesperson for the
South
Favored internal improvements, developing industries,
slavery, and a national bank
Opposed protective tariffs
elected to Congress from New Hampshire but
represented Massachusetts in later years
Favored protective tariffs and policies that
strengthened the nation and help the North
Became known as a great orator
Became Speaker of the House
From Kentucky, represented western interests
Member of delegation that negotiated Treaty of Ghent
Resolved sectional disputes through compromise
Chapter 10 Section 3: Unity and
Sectionalism
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Missouri Compromise
1820
Preserve
The American System
1824
Opposition to the
American System
balance of slave and free states
Missouri admitted as a slave state
Maine added as a free state
Slavery was banned in all new territories north of 36
degrees 30’ north latitude
Proposed
by Henry Clay
Protective tariff
Internal improvements to stimulate trade
National bank
Critics believed it favored wealthy classes
South opposed protective tariffs and internal
improvements
Congress approved some internal improvements

Review and Process





1) What was the Era of Good Feelings?
2) Describe sectionalism in the U.S. in the
1820’s.
3) Compare and contrast John Calhoun,
Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay.
4) What was the Missouri Compromise of
1820?
Write a one sentence summary about
what you have learned today!
Bell Work


Based on what you learned yesterday,
complete the following quick-write activity:
If you lived in the South in 1820, how
would you feel about the Missouri
Compromise? Why?
Chapter 10 Section 3: Unity and
Sectionalism
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Rush-Bagot
Treaty 1817
U.S.
Convention of
1818
Great
and Great Britain
Limits number of naval vessels on Great Lakes
Disarmament along U.S. and Canadian border
Britain and the U.S.
Boundary to Louisiana Territory set at 49th parallel
49th parallel would be a demilitarized zone
American settlers given right to settle in Oregon
Territory
Chapter 10 Section 3: Unity and
Sectionalism
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Adams-Onis
Treaty 1819
Spain
Monroe Doctrine
1823
December
and the U.S.
Negotiated by U.S. Secretary of State John Quincy
Adams and Spanish Foreign Minister Luis de Onis
Spain gave Florida to U.S.
Western border between U.S. and Spain at 42nd parallel
U.S. gave up claims to Spanish Texas
U.S. assumed $5 million debt American citizens claimed
Spain owed for damages
2, 1823- issued by President James Monroe
Stated U.S. would not interfere with any existing
European colonies in New World
Warned European nations not to establish any NEW
colonies in New World
Chapter 10 Section 3: Unity
and Sectionalism

President John Quincy Adams
Source: http://www.homeofheroes.com/presidents/pres_adams_john_q.jpg
Review and Process





1) What were the terms of the Convention
of 1818?
2) What were the terms of the AdamsOnis Treaty?
3) What was the Monroe Doctrine?
4) What were the terms to the Rush-Bagot
Treaty?
Write a one sentence summary about
what you have learned today!
Chapter 8 Quiz Review



Section 1: The First President
Section 2: Early Challenges
Section 3: The First Political Parties
Chapter 8 Review









The Democratic-Republicans believed in:
Strong state governments and limited federal
powers
Emphasis on agricultural products
Rule by the people
State banks
Government in which people participate
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
A French alliance
Free trade
Chapter 8 Review


Thomas Jefferson was the leader of which
political party?
Democratic-Republicans
Chapter 8 Review


What law gave the president the power to
deport aliens?
Alien Act 1798
Chapter 8 Review


What made it a crime to speak, write, or
publish "false, scandalous and malicious"
criticisms of the government?
Sedition Act 1798
Chapter 8 Review


According to the Kentucky and Virginia
Resolutions, states should have the right
to cancel, or ___________ federal laws.
Nullify
Chapter 8 Review


The First Amendment protects the _____
of individuals in the United States.
Civil Liberties
Chapter 8 Review

Precedents can best be defined as:

Traditions
Chapter 8 Review


What did Congress create to assist the
president with operating the government?
President’s Cabinet
Chapter 8 Review


Why was the Judiciary Act of 1789
significant?
The Judiciary Act created the federal court
system.
Chapter 8 Review


Which individual was the first Chief Justice
of the United States?
John Jay
Chapter 8 Review





The original President’s Cabinet consisted
of these four departments:
Secretary of War
Secretary of State
Secretary of the Treasury
Office of Attorney General
Chapter 8 Review


President Washington’s decision to use the
army to stop the Whiskey Rebellion was
significant because:
It sent the message that the U.S. Army
will be used to restore social order
Chapter 8 Review


Why did Native Americans and American
settlers start fighting on the frontier?
American settlers ignored treaties signed
with Native Americans and continued to
settle on Native American land
Chapter 8 Review


The Treaty of Greenville resulted in:
Native Americans surrendering the Ohio
Territory to the United States.
Chapter 8 Review


Impressment can be best defined as:
The kidnapping of American sailors and
forcing them into the British Navy.
Chapter 8 Review


Why were Americans outraged over Jay’s
Treaty in 1795?
Jay’s Treaty did not address the issue of
impressment.
Chapter 8 Review








What policies did Federalists support?
A strong federal government
Banking and shipping interests
Rule by the wealthy
A national bank
A loose interpretation of the Constitution
(implied powers)
A British alliance
Protective tariffs
Chapter 8 Review


What is federalism?
The dividing of government power
between states and the national
government.
Chapter 8 Review


Why did Alexander Hamilton propose a
protective tariff in his economic program?
To protect American industry and raise
revenue to pay debts
Chapter 8 Review


Why did southern states oppose the
creation of a national bank?
Southerners believed that it would only
benefit wealthy people
Chapter 8 Review


Why did Congress create the Navy
Department in 1798?
To fight in the Quasi-War against France
Chapter 8 Review




Who was involved in the Whiskey Rebellion and
why were they protesting? What action did the
government take and why was this important?
1) Farmers in western Pennsylvania were
protesting the Whiskey Tax
2) The U.S. Army was sent to stop the rebellion
3) Army was used to restore social order for the
first time
Chapter 8 Review





What were the features of Alexander Hamilton’s
economic plan? What was the purpose of his
plan? Why did the Southern states oppose his
plan?
1) National bank to oversee government funds
2) Protective tariff to raise revenue and protect
American industry
3) National Taxes to raise revenue
Southerners opposed because they had little
industry to protect and felt a national bank
would favor wealthy people
Chapter 8 Review



How did the view of the people's role in
government differ between the Federalists
and the Republicans?
Federalists believed that only the wealthy
should control government
Democratic-Republicans believed all
people should participate in government
Chapter 9 Quiz Review




Section
Section
Section
Section
1:
2:
3:
4:
The Republicans Take Power
The Louisiana Purchase
A Time of Conflict
The War of 1812
Chapter 9 Test Review

The power of the Supreme Court to review the
constitutionality of the acts of the other
government branches is called

Judicial Review
Chapter 9 Test Review


Which country sold the Louisiana Territory to
the United States?
France
Chapter 9 Test Review


Which battle made Tecumseh decide to unite
with the British?
Battle of Tippecanoe
Chapter 9 Test Review


The War of 1812 was ended by the
Treaty of Ghent 1814
Chapter 9 Test Review


What ensured that the election result of 1800
would never happen again?
12th Amendment
Chapter 9 Test Review


The leaders of the Corps of Discovery that
explored the Louisiana Territory were
Lewis and Clark
Chapter 9 Test Review


Who built a strong confederacy among Native
Americans?
Tecumseh
Chapter 9 Test Review


Which commander destroyed the British naval
forces on Lake Erie?
Oliver Hazard Perry
Chapter 9 Test Review


The northern border of the United States was
secured by the Battle of
Plattsburgh
Chapter 9 Test Review


The election of 1800 was decided by
House of Representatives
Chapter 9 Test Review


Which act prevented trade with foreign
nations?
Embargo Act 1809
Chapter 9 Test Review


Who urged Native Americans to return to the
customs of their ancestors?
The Prophet
Chapter 9 Test Review


Who wanted to fight a war with Britain?
War Hawks
Chapter 9 Test Review


Who killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel in
1804?
Aaron Burr
Chapter 9 Test Review


Hopes for a Native American confederation
died with the death of
Tecumseh
Chapter 9 Test Review


Why did the Federalists decide to support
Aaron Burr in the election of 1800?
To oppose the election of Thomas
Jefferson
Chapter 9 Test Review


A policy in which the government plays a
minor role in the economy of a country is
called
Lassiez-Faire
Chapter 9 Test Review


President Adams’ appointments to the federal
courts prior to leaving office were called
Midnight Appointments
Chapter 9 Test Review


Where did American pioneers settle within the
Louisiana Territory?
Along major rivers that fed into the
Mississippi River
Chapter 9 Test Review


Why did the Federalists oppose the Louisiana
Purchase?
They were concerned that it would become a
Republican territory
Chapter 9 Test Review


What was the Northern Confederacy?
It was a Federalist plan to create a new country
from the northern states
Chapter 9 Test Review


Why did Aaron Burr challenge Alexander
Hamilton to a duel?
Burr blamed Hamilton for his defeat in the
1804 New York governor’s election
Chapter 9 Test Review


Which individual succeeded President
Jefferson?
James Madison
Bell Work 4/2



1) Take out a sheet of paper.
2) Write your name, date, period, and
“Ch. 10 Review” on the top.
3) Number the paper 1-20. SKIP LINES.
Chapter 10 Test Review



Section 1: Economic Growth
Section 2: Westward Bound
Section 3: Unity and Sectionalism
Chapter 10 Test Review


True or False:
1) The use of interchangeable parts, first
introduced by Eli Whitney, increased the
price of products.
Chapter 10 Test Review


True or False:
2) Turnpikes were constructed by private
companies to make westward travel easier.
Chapter 10 Test Review


True or False:
3) The Erie Canal linked New York City
with the Great Lakes region.
Chapter 10 Test Review


True or False:
4) Congress opposed the idea of funding a
National Road in 1806.
Chapter 10 Test Review


True or False:
5) The Missouri Compromise forbid slavery
south of 36 degrees 30 minutes north
latitude.
Chapter 10 Test Review

6) The major elements of free enterprise
are competition, economic freedom,
private property, and:
Chapter 10 Test Review

7) What are separate compartments
where water levels were raised or lowered
in canals?
Chapter 10 Test Review

8) Who created the Missouri Compromise
of 1820?
Chapter 10 Test Review

9) How did the factory system impact the
production of goods?
Chapter 10 Test Review

10) The population increase in western
lands led to:
Chapter 10 Test Review

11) The first steamboat to sail the Hudson
River from New York to Albany was
named:
Chapter 10 Test Review

12) The freedom of private businesses
competing for profit is known as:
Chapter 10 Test Review

13) In order to protect the institution of
slavery, southerners argued for:
Chapter 10 Test Review

14) Internal improvements can be best
defined as:
Chapter 10 Test Review

15) The Erie Canal allowed the transport
of goods from:
Chapter 10 Test Review

16) The National Road was designed to:
Chapter 10 Test Review

17) The factory system can best be
defined as:
Chapter 10 Test Review

18) What factors do you think led to the
growth of towns and cities in the early
1800’s?
Chapter 10 Test Review

19) How did slavery impact the Missouri
Compromise?
Chapter 10 Test Review












Answers:
1) False
2) True
3) True
4) False
5) False
6) Profit
7) Locks
8) Henry Clay
9) Goods could be made faster and cheaper, resulting in decreased
prices
10) 1) The emergence of cities along major rivers, 2) the addition of
new states to the Union
Chapter 10 Test Review









11) Clermont
12) Free Enterprise
13) States’ Rights
14) The development of a nation’s transportation system
15) The Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes region
16) Connect the eastern U.S. with the new west
17) The idea of bringing all manufacturing steps into one
location
18) 1) Availability of land, 2) factory system, 3)
steamboat
19) 1) Balance of free and slave states had to be kept in
Congress, 2) spread of slavery prohibited south of 36
degrees 30 minutes north latitude