19th Century Architecture - University of Southern Mississippi
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Transcript 19th Century Architecture - University of Southern Mississippi
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19
Century
Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp
Topics
Overview
19th Century Neo-Classicism
19th Century Gothic Revival
19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-Arts
(School of Art)
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19
Century Architecture
19th century architecture is one of the most
varied periods
Neo-Classicism and Romanticism encouraged
revivals of many historic styles
Gothic
Greek
Islamic
Byzantine
Early Christian
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19
Century Neo-Classicism
Karl Friedman Schinkel (1781 – 1841)
The most recognized figure in German NeoClassical style in the 19th century
Most famous structure is the Altes Museum in
Berlin
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19
Century Neo-Classicism
Altes Museum
Built in 1823 – 1828
Features
Long, rectangular plan
Central, colonnaded rotunda domed like the Pantheon
A continuous, Ionic colonnade along the façade
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Century Neo-Classicism
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Century Neo-Classicism
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Century Neo-Classicism
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19
Century Neo-Classicism
Sir John Soane (1753 – 1837)
Leading architect of the 19th century Neo-Classical
movement in England
Considered a highly individual architect whose work
features Romantic qualities
Notable structure
13 Lincoln Inn Fields
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Century Neo-Classicism
13 Lincoln Inn Fields
John Soane’s home
Is now a museum
Features
Diverse array of spaces and levels
Articulated wall planes
Reflected by multiple flat and convex mirrors
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Century Neo-Classicism
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Century Neo-Classicism
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Century Neo-Classicism
Benjamin Harry Latrobe
The United States first professional architect
Commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to continue
work on the U.S. Capitol
Key structures
U.S. Capitol
Roman Catholic Cathedral, Baltimore, MD
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19
Century Neo-Classicism
U.S. Capitol
Latrobe completed the north and south wings
Introduced his own work for the American style
Tobacco-leaf capitols in the rotunda of the Senate
Chamber
Corn-cob capitols in the north basement vestibule
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Century Neo-Classicism
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Century Neo-Classicism
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19
Century Gothic Revival
The Romantic Movement acquired a more
serious tone with emergence of the Gothic
Revival in the 19th century
Led by the English architect Augustus Welby
Northmore Pugin
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19
Century Gothic Revival
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812 –
1852)
Leading Gothic revivalist in England
Was a convert to Catholicism
Regarded Gothic as an embodiment of moral and
religious values from the past
Felt these traits were missing in the present
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Century Gothic Revival
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812 –
1852)
The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture
Published in 1841
Enumerated Pugin’s ideals for Gothic architecture
Regarded Gothic as the “only correct expression of the
(Christian) faith, wants, and climate”
19th Century Gothic Revival
Richard Upjohn
The first American architect to follow Pugin’s
principles
First major commission was the Trinity Church in
New York City, NY
19th Century Gothic Revival
Trinity Church, New York City, NY
Designed for a growing and wealthy congregation
Used Decorated Gothic for the church
Features
Extended chancel
Raised altar
Ceiling vaults constructed of plaster rather than stone
19th Century Gothic Revival
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century Gothic Revival
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century Gothic Revival
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
School of Art in France
The Academy of Beaux-Arts in France decided
that Classical architecture should supersede
Gothic architecture in France during the 19th
century
Designed to provide training for students who
had usually completed secondary studies and
passed an entrance exam
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
Richard Morris Hunt (1827 – 1895)
The first American to attend the Ecole Des BeauxArts
After his return to New York, he established a
practice that prospered greatly until his death
Major structures
The Breakers, Newport
Biltmore, Asheville
Base of the Statue of Liberty
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
The Breakers, Newport,
Rhode Island
Structure built for the
Vanderbilt family in
Rhode Island
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19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
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19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
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19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
Biltmore, Asheville,
North Carolina
A hunting lodge built for
the Vanderbilt’s
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
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19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
Base of the Statue of
Liberty
1880
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19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
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19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
References
Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html
Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to
Postmodernity
Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture
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19
Century
Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp