Transcript 19th Century Architecture - University of Southern Mississippi

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19
Century
Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp
Topics
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Overview
19th Century Neo-Classicism
19th Century Gothic Revival
19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-Arts
(School of Art)
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Century Architecture
19th century architecture is one of the most
varied periods
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Neo-Classicism and Romanticism encouraged
revivals of many historic styles
Gothic
 Greek
 Islamic
 Byzantine
 Early Christian
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Century Neo-Classicism
Karl Friedman Schinkel (1781 – 1841)
The most recognized figure in German NeoClassical style in the 19th century
 Most famous structure is the Altes Museum in
Berlin
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Century Neo-Classicism
Altes Museum
Built in 1823 – 1828
 Features
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Long, rectangular plan
 Central, colonnaded rotunda domed like the Pantheon
 A continuous, Ionic colonnade along the façade
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Century Neo-Classicism
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
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Century Neo-Classicism
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
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Century Neo-Classicism
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
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Century Neo-Classicism
Sir John Soane (1753 – 1837)
Leading architect of the 19th century Neo-Classical
movement in England
 Considered a highly individual architect whose work
features Romantic qualities
 Notable structure
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13 Lincoln Inn Fields
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Century Neo-Classicism
13 Lincoln Inn Fields
John Soane’s home
 Is now a museum
 Features
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Diverse array of spaces and levels
 Articulated wall planes
 Reflected by multiple flat and convex mirrors
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Century Neo-Classicism
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
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Century Neo-Classicism
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
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Century Neo-Classicism
Benjamin Harry Latrobe
The United States first professional architect
 Commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to continue
work on the U.S. Capitol
 Key structures
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U.S. Capitol
 Roman Catholic Cathedral, Baltimore, MD
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Century Neo-Classicism
U.S. Capitol
Latrobe completed the north and south wings
 Introduced his own work for the American style
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Tobacco-leaf capitols in the rotunda of the Senate
Chamber
 Corn-cob capitols in the north basement vestibule
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Century Neo-Classicism
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
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Century Neo-Classicism
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
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Century Gothic Revival
The Romantic Movement acquired a more
serious tone with emergence of the Gothic
Revival in the 19th century
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Led by the English architect Augustus Welby
Northmore Pugin
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Century Gothic Revival
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812 –
1852)
Leading Gothic revivalist in England
 Was a convert to Catholicism
 Regarded Gothic as an embodiment of moral and
religious values from the past
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Felt these traits were missing in the present
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Century Gothic Revival
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812 –
1852)
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The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture
Published in 1841
 Enumerated Pugin’s ideals for Gothic architecture
 Regarded Gothic as the “only correct expression of the
(Christian) faith, wants, and climate”
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19th Century Gothic Revival
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Richard Upjohn
The first American architect to follow Pugin’s
principles
 First major commission was the Trinity Church in
New York City, NY
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19th Century Gothic Revival
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Trinity Church, New York City, NY
Designed for a growing and wealthy congregation
 Used Decorated Gothic for the church
 Features
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Extended chancel
 Raised altar
 Ceiling vaults constructed of plaster rather than stone
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19th Century Gothic Revival
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century Gothic Revival
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century Gothic Revival
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
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School of Art in France
The Academy of Beaux-Arts in France decided
that Classical architecture should supersede
Gothic architecture in France during the 19th
century
Designed to provide training for students who
had usually completed secondary studies and
passed an entrance exam
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
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Richard Morris Hunt (1827 – 1895)
The first American to attend the Ecole Des BeauxArts
 After his return to New York, he established a
practice that prospered greatly until his death
 Major structures
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The Breakers, Newport
 Biltmore, Asheville
 Base of the Statue of Liberty
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19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
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The Breakers, Newport,
Rhode Island
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Structure built for the
Vanderbilt family in
Rhode Island
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
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Biltmore, Asheville,
North Carolina
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A hunting lodge built for
the Vanderbilt’s
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
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Base of the Statue of
Liberty
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1880
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole Des BeauxArts
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
References
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Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html
Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to
Postmodernity
Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture
th
19
Century
Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp