19th Century Architecture
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Transcript 19th Century Architecture
th
19
Century
Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp
Topics
19th Century: Applications of Iron Steel
Joseph Paxton
Henry Labrouste
Gustave Eiffel
William LeBaron Jenney
Chicago School
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Early applications of iron and steel made their
beginnings in architecture with the construction
greenhouses to protect plants
Far East specimens brought back to Britain required
structures that could create the humid heat of their
native countries in the Far East
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Joseph Paxton (1801 – 1865)
Landscape gardener by training
Revolutionized architecture by with a design that he
submitted for a building in Hyde Park, London to
house the first modern World’s Fair in 1852
Journalists dubbed this structure the Crystal Palace
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Crystal Palace
Constructed of iron beams and glass
Resembled a large greenhouse
After the exhibition, the structure was dismantled
and re-erected in a park at Sydenham
Was destroyed by fire in 1936
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
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19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Henry Labrouste (1801 – 1875)
A French architect
Made strong use of cast iron in his Bibliotheque SteGenevieve in 1850
Also designed the Bibliotheque Nationale
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Bibliotheque SteGenevieve
1850
A library located in Paris,
France
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Bibliotheque Nationale
Located in Paris
The French National
Library
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Gustave Eiffel (1832 – 1923)
Most famous French designer who used iron in the
second half of the 19th century
Gained his fame from several bridge designs across
France
Most famous structures
Eiffel Tower
Statue of Liberty
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Eiffel Tower, Paris
1010-ft
At the time, was the tallest structure in the world
Erected for the Paris International Exposition in
1889
Remains the largest iron construction in the world
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Statue of Liberty, New York
Eiffel designed the iron internal skeleton which
supports the copper skin of the statue
Stands 151-ft
At the time of its construction, the statue had the
most advanced diagonally braced frame in the world
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
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19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
William LeBaron Jenney (1832 – 1907)
Generally credited with early development of the
skyscraper
Home Life Insurance Building in Chicago
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Home Life Insurance
Building in Chicago
Considered the first
skyscraper
Not entirely metal framed
The first floor contains
sections of masonry
bearing wall
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19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Chicago School
The term generally used to describe the buildings of
Chicago from 1875 – 1925
Important structures
The second Rand McNally Building
Monadnock Building
Reliance Building
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
The second Rand McNally Building
Designed by Daniel H. Burnham (1846 – 1912) and
John Welborn Root (1850 – 1891)
Had all the elements of the modern skyscraper
Steel frame
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Monadnock Building
Designed by Daniel H. Burnham (1846 – 1912) and
John Welborn Root (1850 – 1891)
Internal iron frame provided lateral bracing through
riveted girder-column connections
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
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19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
Reliance Building
1894 – 1895
Features
Decorative terra-cotta cladding
Repeats the same exterior elevation from the third floor to
the attic
19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
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19th Century: Applications of Iron
Steel
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References
Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html
Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to
Postmodernity
Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture
th
19
Century
Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp