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Kingdom: Animals Complex Eukaryotes Domain Bacteria AP Biology Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya 2007-2008 Common ancestor Animal Characteristics __________________________ must ingest others for nutrients __________________________ complex bodies __________________________ allows active movement __________________________ AP Biology Animal Evolution sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmented worms insects spiders segmented body separate digestive system left-right symmetry tissues many-celled AP Biology Ancestral Protist starfish vertebrates internal skeleton Invertebrate: Sponges food taken into each __________________________ cell separately no organized tissues or organs food goes in & waste comes out same opening AP Biology Invertebrate: Jellyfish __________________________ tissues, but no organs two cell layers predators tentacles surround mouth opening digested material absorbed into cells AP Biology Invertebrate: Flatworms __________________________ tapeworm, planaria mostly parasitic digestive tube now have separate mouth & anus tapeworm AP Biology Invertebrate: Roundworms __________________________ digestive tube have separate mouth & anus many are parasitic hookworm AP Biology Invertebrate: Mollusks __________________________ clams, snails, squid soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells digestive tube AP Biology Invertebrate: Segmented worms __________________________ earthworms, leeches segments are all the same digestive tube fan worm AP Biology leech Invertebrate: Arthropods __________________________ most successful animal group segmented allows jointed legs & arms AP Biology exoskeleton Arthropod groups arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks, scorpions crustaceans gills, 2 pairs antennae crab, lobster, barnacles, shrmp AP Biology insects 6 legs, 3 body parts Invertebrate: Starfish __________________________ radial symmetry spiny exoskeleton AP Biology Vertebrates __________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ becomes brain & spinal cord backbone skull-encased brain Oh, look… your first baby picture! AP Biology becomes gills or Eustachian tube becomes tail or tailbone becomes vertebrae 450 mya salmon, trout, sharks Vertebrates: Fish Characteristics gills body structure bony skeleton jaws & paired fins scales body function breathe with gills two-chambered heart cold-blooded reproduction external fertilization external development in aquatic egg AP Biology body 350 mya frogs salamanders toads Vertebrates: Amphibian Characteristics body structure legs (walk on land) moist skin lung buccal cavity glottis closed body function breathe with lungs & through skin three-chambered heart cold-blooded reproduction external fertilization external development in aquatic egg metamorphosis (tadpole to adult) AP Biology 250 mya dinosaurs, turtles lizards, snakes alligators, crocodile Vertebrates: Reptiles Characteristics body structure dry skin, scales, armor (shells) body function breathe with lungs three-chambered heart cold-blooded reproduction internal fertilization external development in leathery embryo shell amnion hard-shelled egg chorion AP Biology allantois yolk sac 150 mya finches, hawk ostrich, turkey Vertebrates: Birds Characteristics body structure feathers & wings thin, hollow bone; flight skeleton body function very efficient lungs & air sacs four-chambered heart warm-blooded reproduction internal fertilization external development in hard-shelled egg AP Biology trachea lung anterior air sacs posterior air sacs 220 mya / 65 mya Vertebrates: Mammals Characteristics body structure hair specialized teeth body function muscles contract breathe with lungs, diaphragm four-chambered heart warm-blooded reproduction internal fertilization internal development in uterus nourishment through placenta birth live young mammary glands make milk AP Biology mice, ferret elephants, bats whales, humans diaphragm contracts That’s the buzz… Any Questions? AP Biology 2007-2008