Transcript History in the Raw

The Study of
History
Primary Sources, Historiography, and
Early American History
History is a mystery!
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We weren’t there so
we don’t know what
happened.
So how do we put the
whole story together?
Putting the Puzzle Together:
Primary Sources
Documents created by those who
participated in or witnessed
the events of the past tell us
something that even the bestwritten book or article cannot
convey.
These documents, or artifacts, are
often referred to as primary
sources. What does primary
mean? The original document
with no additions or
modifications.
What are artifacts?
 Photographs
Old photographs are time
machines. They allow us to
look back in history, freeze
a moment in time, and
imagine ourselves as part
of the past.
What can you learn from looking at this
photo? What does it say to you? What
can you tell about the people in this
picture?
What are artifacts?
 Paintings
All written history,
words and pictures,
reflects an author’s or
artist’s interpretation of
past events. Reported
history is subjective by
nature.
What do you think this painting is
reporting?
What are artifacts?
 Written Documents
One of the ways to take the
pulse of a society is to search
through its primary source
materials. Inevitably our
search will lead us not only to
those well-publicized events
we're familiar with....but also
to the ordinary every-day
events that filled our
forebears' lives.
What are artifacts?
 Sound Recordings
Music and interviews are
an excellent reflection of
the mood of the times
and what people were
thinking.
What do you feel or think when you hear
this music? What sense of time and place
do you have?
Click speaker to play music
Let’s Practice!
 Study the photograph for two
minutes. Form an overall
impression and then examine
individual items.
What people do you see in the
photo?
What objects are visible in the
photo?
Based on what you have
observed, list three things you can
infer/interpret from this
photograph.
What questions do you have after
viewing this photograph?
What Considerations do Historians have to
consider when Analyzing Primary Sources?
Battle of Lexington Practice….
The Process of History
Through primary sources we can see how famous and ordinary
folk appeared in both posed and unguarded moments. We can
relive great events and everyday life in exquisite detail. We can
learn how people dressed and carried themselves and sometimes
judge their moods. Studying historical documents helps us
imagine what it was like when the first airplane took off, when
a landing craft ramp fell open on D-day, or when the first man
stepped onto the Moon.
History Changes
What is History?
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1.) In the Past historians were convinced that a
fundamental truth existed
 It is about a continual search for the truth
using primary sources which become available.
2.) What causes disagreement in interpretations?
a.) historian's background:
i.) Marxist - economic, cultural, political
ii.) when historian's write history
3.) Historiography: The study of how a opinion
and evidence on a historical event has changed
over the years.
a.) Traditional
b.) Revisionists
c.) Post-Revisionists
What led
to the writing of the
Declaration
Of
Independence
and the
Revolutionary
War?
Enlightenment:
History doesn’t happen in a vacuum
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Contributions to
Liberty
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John Locke
Baron deMontesquieu
Jean Jacques
Rousseau
French and Indian War
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Britain helped colonists
defeat French in war
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Britain needed money to pay
for war expenses
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Years of neglect followed by
greater control-->

Taxed colonists, restricted
settlements and limited selfgovt.
Sugar Act and Stamp Act

British taxed colonists on
many of the goods coming
into the colonies from other
places
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British imposed taxes upon
all paper products and
stamped the item once the
tax had been played.
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Townshend Acts
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"No taxation without
representation,”
“No Taxation
Without
Representation!”
-James Otis
Colonists react…
Various
protests:
•Benjamin
Franklin’s
visit to
Parliament:
1765
Boston Massacre
1770
Boston Tea Party
December 16, 1773,
•Sons and
Daughters of
Liberty
•Boycotts.
•Patrick
Henry’s
speech
•March
23, 1775
Great Speeches
What Makes them Moving?
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Pericles
Tecumseh
Patrick Henry
RFK
King George III passes the
“Intolerable Acts”
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The Royal Navy blockades
the Boston Harbor so no
colonial goods could be sent
out until tea was paid for.
Colonists had to quarter the
British soldiers.
The King assigned British
General Gage to be
Massachusetts governor.
Armory at Concord…..
Declaration of Independence
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Drafted by
Thomasefferson
between June 11 and
June 28, 1776
Edited by congress
Great Charter of
Freedom
QuickTime™ and a
H.263 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Post Independence
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Development of the
Constitution
Articles of
Confederation
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Problems
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No power to…..
Shay’s Rebellion
Solution: New Constitution, 1789
• Problems with its creation/adoption…
1.
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