Transcript PARIS IN PRACTICE - Undervisningsministeriet

Education for All and UN Millennium
Development Goals
Global Monitoring Report Launch, 24.3.2009
Danida Technical Advisory Service – Steen Sonne Andersen
Children’s Right to Education
• Children’s right to education is stated in:
• Convention on economic, social and cultural rights,
art 14
• The human rights’ convention, art 26
• Convention on rights of the Child, art 28(1)(a)
• Women’s convention, art 10
• Convention on Elimination of Racial Discrimination,
art 5 (e)(v)
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Commitments in year 2000
• EFA: 164 countries agreed on the Dakar
Framework for Action with 6 wide ranging
education goals
• MDGs:189 countries agreed on the 8 MDGs
with 21 targets, measured by 60 indicators
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Quality Education – huge inequalities
• The rich versus the poor nations – by age 7, almost
all are in school in OECD, but only 40% in SSA
• The rich versus the poor within nations - children
from the richest households are more likely, by
several multiples, to be enrolled than those from the
poorest
• Good versus bad schooling - many children leave
school lacking basic literacy and numeracy skills
• In SSA fewer than 25% grade 6 pupils reached a
desirable level of reading in four countries, only 10%
did in six other countries (SAQMEC II)
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THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
1. End Poverty and Hunger
2. Universal Education
3. Gender equality
4. Child health
5. Maternal Health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases
7. Environmental Sustainability
8. Global Partnership
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Millenium Development Goals Report 2008
• The number of extremely poor in the world fell
significantly from 1990 to 2006. Progress is uneven
(SSA vs China/India), but, reducing absolute poverty
by half by 2015 is within reach (expected impact of
economic crisis)
• Deaths from measles fell from 750,000 in 2000 to
250,000 in 2006, and about 80 % of children in
developing countries now receive a measles vaccine
• Deaths from AIDS fell from 2.2 million in 2005 to 2.0
million in 2007, and the number newly infected declined
from 3.0 million in 2001 to 2.7 million in 2007
• In all but two regions in the world, primary school
enrolment is at least 90 per cent
(http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/)
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However,
• 75 million children are still out of school (primary),
and there is a real risk that UPE will not be achieved
by 2015 (on current trends)
• Of the 113 countries that failed to achieve gender
parity in primary and secondary school enrolment by
2005, only 18 are likely to by 2015
• About one quarter of all children in developing
countries are considered to be underweight, at risk
of having long-term negative effects
• Maternal health goal off-track
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The six EFA Goals (abbreviated)
1.
Expanding and improving comprehensive early childhood
care and education
2.
Ensuring that by 2015 all children have access to, and
complete, free and compulsory primary education of
good quality
3.
Ensuring that learning needs of all young people and
adults are met through access to appropriate learning
4.
Achieving a 50 per cent improvement in levels of adult
literacy by 2015, and access to continuing education
5.
Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary
education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in
education by 2015
6.
Improving all aspects of the quality of education and
ensuring excellence of all so that recognized and
measurable learning outcomes are achieved by all
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Education: Human right and catalyst for
development
• The Education for All scope is broader than the MDGs
• There is a strong two-way link, but not full
correspondence
• Education can help unlock progress on the MDGs:
• Facilitating broad-based growth to halve extreme
poverty
• Reducing child and maternal mortality
• Tackling child malnutrition
• Improving public health and fight disease
• Strengthening democracy and citizenship
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Education and poverty reduction
• Basic education boosts household income; crosscountry studies show one year additional education
explaining 10% increase in income (significantly higher
for women than men);
• Good quality schooling is related to greater economic
growth and less poverty – growth will also be converted
into poverty reduction for more people
• Each additional year of schooling is estimated to lift
annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth by
0.37%, as well as significant improved cognitive skills
(explaining up to 1% GDP growth increase)
• Levels of productivity and patterns of income
distribution are closely linked to education
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Child mortality
• In 2006, for the first time, annual deaths among
children under five were below 10 million
• Between 1990 and 2006, about 27 countries made
no progress in reducing childhood deaths. A child
born in a developing country is 13 times more likely
to die before turning five than a child born in an
industrialized country
• Disparities persist in all regions: mortality rates are
higher for children from rural and poor families and
whose mothers lack a basic education
• Undernutrition the likely underlying cause in more
than 1/3 of all deaths of children under five
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Maternal health
• More than 500,000 women in developing countries
die annually in childbirth or of complications from
pregnancy (86% in SSA and Southern Asia)
• The average lifetime risk of a woman in a least
developed country dying from complications related
to pregnancy or childbirth is more than 300 times
greater than for a woman living in an industrialized
country.
• Improving maternal and newborn health cannot be
done only through health services.
• A crucial action to address this issue is to educate
women and girls and reduce their poverty
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Education for girls
Educated girls:
• have children later in life (complications from
pregnancy and childbirth are an important cause of
mortality for girls aged 15–19 worldwide)
• have children with higher survival rates and better
nutrition and health (even if controlling for income)
• are more likely to immunize their children, be better
informed about nutrition, and use improved birth
spacing practices
• have improved economic productivity – benefitting
the entire household and reducing poverty
• And, educated girls become healthier women
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Increase focus on early childhood
development
• Child mortality has been drastically reduced over the
last 20 years. But, hundreds of millions of children
do not reach their developmental potential
• Development in early childhood has important and
life-long effects (e.g. on health, intelligence,
education, productivity)
• Cost/benefit of early childhood programmes are
more effective and give even higher return (15-17
%) than later education and support
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Health and disease control
• Primary education of mothers can lower the risk of
stunting by 25%
• Strong evidence that primary education has positive
impact on knowledge of HIV prevention, and
secondary education even stronger impact
• Expanding the education system can contribute to
reducing HIV/AIDS and other diseases
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Education, democracy and citizenship
• Values, empowerment, informed judgment
• Attitude to and understanding of democracy
• Peace building and reconciliation
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Education for All and MDGs 2015
• MDGs have been useful in galvanizing support, also
in education
• But, the MDG focus on quality of education is limited
(learning outcomes, continuous assessment, quality
inputs)
• More focus on EFA goals needed now – also to help
achieve MDG goals by 2015
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