Transcript APUSH “Take Five” - Home

The Discovery of the “New
World”
APUSH Unit #1 (Chps 1-4)
SSUSH1 The student will describe European settlement in North America
during the 17th century.
SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of
British North America developed.
APUSH “Take Five”
The quest…”why did
Europeans seek a “new
World” or did they?
The Earliest Inhabitants

Paleo-Indians
 Land bridge (25,000-11,000 years ago)
 Bering Straits
 Lifestyles (14,000 years ago)
 Hunters and gatherers
 Mound builders, cliff dwellers, etc
 Farmers
 Craftsmen
The Bering Straits
Indian
settlement of
America
The Agricultural Revolution

Shift from food gathering to food
producing

Led to changes in society (500 AD)
Hunter/gatherers (nomadic) to→
 Semi-nomadic farmers to→
 Subsistence farming to→
 Organized farming w/ specialized jobs to→
 CIVILIZATION!

Locations of Major Indian Groups and
Culture Areas in the 1600s
Mysterious Disappearances

Anasazi Culture—Chaco Canyon
Sophisticated irrigation
 Well-built roads for transportation


Adena and Hopewell Peoples—Ohio
Valley
Large ceremonial mounds
 Extensive trade network


Cahokia—Mississippi Valley
Large ceremonial mounds
 Far-flung trade network

Aztec Dominance
Aztecs settle valley of Mexico
 Center of large, powerful empire
 Highly organized social and political
structure
 Rule through fear and force

Eastern Woodland Cultures
Atlantic Coast of North America
 Native Americans lived in smaller
bands
 Agriculture supplemented by hunting
and gathering
 Likely were the first natives
encountered by English settlers

The Earliest Inhabitants move to
Meso-America & South America

Early writings & cultural developments

Solar calendars & pok-a-tok
City-States
 Role of religion in society


Human sacrifices
Mayans
 Aztecs
 Incas

Mayan ruins
Solar Calendar
Mayan Artwork
Pok a tok arena
The Aztecs
Aztec Empire
Incas in the Andes Mtn. of S.A.
Machu Picchu
The world according to Herodotus
Greek Historian 400s BC
First Encounters

The Vikings

Eric the Red & Leif Eriksson
The Vikings
Viking travels
Erik the Red
First Europeans Arrive

Early Explorers



Prince Henry the Navigator
Christopher Columbus (1492)
Ferdinand Magellan




Expanding into the “new world”
Hernan Cortes


The Inter Caetera (1493)
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
The Conquistadores
Hernando De Soto—makes his way to North
America
Prince Henry
The European “World Map”
Ferdinand Magellan

Pope Alexander
VI took 1494
action to clear up any confusion that may
Treaty
of Tordesillas
have arisen over territorial claims. He issued a decree which
established an imaginary line running north and south through the
mid-Atlantic, 100 leagues (480 km) from the Cape Verde islands.
Spain would have possession of any unclaimed territories to the
west of the line and Portugal would have possession of any
unclaimed territory to the east of the line.
Voyages of European Exploration
Christopher Columbus
Columbus was a Ginger!!
Answer…the quest…

After the crusades, in which Europeans went to
the far east to Christianize the “infidels”,
Europeans came into contact with the riches of
the far east for the first time
 Europeans were not seeking a “new world”, they
were looking for a shorter route to the far east



Cathay= China
Cipangu= Japan
And…they wanted to cut out the hated Italian
middle man who was becoming very rich off of
other European countries
Columbus’ “New World”
Columbus’s first voyage, 1492
Europeans –the Early Conquerors

Spain
 Encomiendas
 The Conquistadores
 Aztecs fall—renamed Mexico City
 Rape, pillage, plunder (Montezuma’s
revenge)
 Spanish Armada
 The 3 G’s
 God, Glory, Gold= Greed
Take Five…

Why was Spain the first European
country to act upon exploring and settling
the “new world”?
Spanish Empire
The Conquistadores
Independent adventurers commissioned
by Spanish crown to subdue new lands
 By 1512--Major Caribbean islands
decimated
 By 1521--Cortés destroys Aztec Empire
 1539-42--de Soto explores Southeast
 1540-42--Coronado explores Southwest

New Spain in
the Sixteenth
Century
Take Five
What does the “Columbian Exchange”
refer to?
 What is the MOST important ramification
of European interaction with the New
World?

The “Columbian Exchange”

What was the impact of Europeans on
the new world?
Disease
 Political and economic domination
 Horses and livestock
 Food products

The “Columbian Exchange”

What was the impact of the “Indians” on
Europe?
Food products
 Disease
 Gold

The
Columbian Exchange
 Columbus’s
discovery initiated the kind of explosion in
international commerce that a later age would call
“globalization.”
 ***Killed up to 90% of native populations in New World
Source: Adapted from Out of Many: A History of the American People, Third Edition, Combined Edition by Faragher, Buhle,
Czitrom, and Armitage. Copyright © 1999. By permission of Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
The Columbian Exchange
From Plunder to Settlement

Encomienda System rewards
Conquistadors
Large land grants
 Indian inhabitants provide labor or tribute

Appointed officials answer only to
Crown
 Catholic Church

Protects Indian rights
 Performs mass conversions


By 1650, 1/2 million Spaniards in New
The Invasion of America
North America’s Indian and Colonial Populations in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries