Transcript Title Subtitle - India Smart Grid

Rahul Gore : Senior Scientist, ABB Corporate Research Center, Bangalore, India
Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS)
Introduction and Overview
© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 1
Smart Grid
What is it?
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© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 2
Smart Grid integrates electrical grids
and communication infrastructures
and forms an intelligent electricity
network working with all connected
components to deliver sustainable
electricity supplies.
IEEE 2030 SGIRM defines three
integrated architectural perspectives:
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Power systems,
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Communications technology
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Information technology
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
General challenges in transmission networks
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Increasing demand for power
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Transmission networks get bigger by aggregation
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Distance between generation and load changes
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Modern supervision and tools are needed
Svenska Kraftnät 2001
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July 18, 2015 | Slide 3
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Challenges and solutions
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1) Integration of renewables
 Remote grid operation with distributed
generation (wind/solar farms)
 Increase grid capacity and stability
 Balance load to supply
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Applications and technologies
Gateways with bi-directional communication for consumer interaction
 Smart meters, Internet/mobile telecom, smart houses
 Customer service systems including billing
 Fault detection, isolation and restoration; voltage optimization
 FACTS, HVDC,
 WAMS  WAMPACS
2) Integration of electric vehicles
 Charging / billing
 Energy storage
 Load management
3) Demand response
 Real time pricing / tariffs
 Home automation / load management
 Distributed generation / storage
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July 18, 2015 | Slide 4
4) Reliability and efficiency
 cyber security
 customer outage information
 emergency / peak power
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
From traditional to future grids
Industry challenges
Need for more electricity
 Emissions reduction
 Integration and management of renewable energy
 Optimal use of ageing assets
 Ensure reliability of supply
 Energy efficiency and security
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Traditional grids
Years of development to provide automation of
well-established power system model
• Electromechanical to numerical technology
• Centralized and/or distributed architectures
• Communication protocols : interoperability
Future grids
Automation systems for a new power system and
business model
• Decentralized (renewable sources)
• Demand-side management
• FACTS (SVC, TCSC, STATCOM, PST), HVDC
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July 18, 2015 | Slide 5
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
From traditional to future grids
• Centralized power generation
• One-directional power flow
• Generation follows load
• Operation based on historical experience
• Limited grid accessibility for new producers
• Decentralized and distributed power generation
• Intermittent renewable power generation
Traditional grids
• Consumers become also producers
• Multi-directional power flow
• Load adapted to production
• Operation based more on real-time data
Future grids
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July 18, 2015 | Slide 6
WAMS
Market scenario
Future Grids
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Industry Challenges
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Traditional Grids
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Need for better monitoring already existed
Centralized power generation
One-directional power flow
Generation follows load
Operation based on historical experience
Limited grid accessibility for new producers
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Need for more electricity
Emissions reduction
Renewable energy
Optimal use of ageing assets
Ensure reliability of supply
Energy efficiency and security
Market demand for WAMS
© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 7
Decentralized and distributed power generation
Intermittent renewable power generation
Consumers become also producers
Multi-directional power flow
Load adapted to production
Operation based more on real-time data
Smart grid initiatives
FACTS (SVC, TCSC, etc.), HVDC
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Basic idea
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
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July 18, 2015 | Slide 8
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Phasor measurements
High accuracy provides the basis for an
accurate monitoring of power networks
Timestamp accuracy:
Absolute angle accuracy error:
CT/VT:
© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 9
1 microsecond
< 0.1 degree
0.2 …0.5%
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
SCADA vs WAMS
Wide Area Monitoring System provides:
 Phasor Measurement (V, I, f, df/dt)
 Accurate Measurements
 High Resoution
 Faster
 Timestamping (GPS)
WAMS
PMU
PMU
PMU
Data
RTU
Data
SCADA
PMU
Front
End
PHASORS
SCADA
RTU
State
Measurement
with PMU Data
State
Estimation
with RTU data
RTU
X-Ray vs MRI
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July 18, 2015 | Slide 10
Data
z TRAD  H TRAD 
         θ 

 
 V 
z PMU  H PMU   
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Why do we need it?
Wide Area Monitoring System provides:
 Scalable, interoperable solutions
 Real-time monitoring using synchronous sampling
 Reduced risk of instability
 Increased transmission capacity
 Better use of existing equipment
 Investment protection and step-wise improvement
 Data storage for enhanced planning
 Data export for external applications
 Integration into platform-independent SCADA/EMS systems
Better
observality
Supervision
Enhance
operation
Compare
with off-line
Know the
limits
Alarms and events
© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 11
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Typical Hierarchical Architecture
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July 18, 2015 | Slide 12
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Phasor Measurement Units – PMUs
Bus Voltage
Phasors [Re/Im]
PMU
Line Current
Phasors [Re/Im]
IEEE C37.118
IEEE 1344-1995
WAMS
Frequency
df/dt
Digital/binary
© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 13
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Phasor Data Concentrator – PDC
PDC Main Functionality:
 Collect data from several PMUs
 Validata PMU data
 Reject bad data
 Align PMU data per timestamp
 Create time aligned aggrgated output
© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 14
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Communication Challenges – Bandwidth and Latency
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July 18, 2015 | Slide 15
Ref: IEEE std C37.118.2
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
ABB WAMS Solutions
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July 18, 2015 | Slide 16
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Typical Architecture
On-line Applications
© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 17
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Phasor Measurement Units – PMUs (RES670)
Submits time tagged phasors of AC voltages and
currents up to 50/60 Hz
Synchronized sampling in different substations
(GPS or IRIG-B)
IEEE C37.118
IEEE 1344-1995
Designed to communicate
1 - 4 analog channels
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Communication, TCP/IP (to PC or data concentrator,
PDC)
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Synchrophasor data format
(C37.118-2005, IEEE 1344-1995)
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Transmission rates
6 x 32 binary signals
remote communication
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10-200 frames/s at 50 Hz
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10-240 frames/s at 60 Hz
Extensive capability
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IEC 61850 8-1
IEC 60870-5-103
PC Ethernet connection
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© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 18
Analogue Inputs, Binary Inputs, Binary Outputs
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Up to 24 analog inputs
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8 freely configurable binary signals
Up to 8 Analog Phasors
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Positive / Negative / Zero sequence
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Polar or Rectangular phasors
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
PSGuard
PSGuard System
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Based on ABB’s process control system
and Windows Server technology
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Server/Client architecture
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PMU data acquisition with OPC standard
interface
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High resolution data storage and export
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Graphical User Interface
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WAMS applications
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Connection to SCADA systems
PSGuard Communication Gateway
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PMU data exchange in real-time between
utilities
© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 19
Wide Area Monitoring Systems
PSGuard
PSGuard Applications
© ABB Group
July 18, 2015 | Slide 20
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Phase Angle Monitoring
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Voltage Stability Monitoring
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Line Thermal Monitoring
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Event Driven Data Archiving
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Power Oscillation Monitoring
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Power Damping Monitoring
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SCADA/EMS integration
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Communication gateway