THE STUDENT EXPERIENCE – WHAT’S THE DEAL ?

Presentation by

Robert Behrens

Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education in England and Wales to Higher Education Policy Institute The Royal Society, London 06 May 2009 “Comrades ! The first principle of the Revolution is effective time-keeping.” Govan Mbeki

1

THE STUDENT EXPERIENCE AND THE OIA - OVERVIEW

• • • •

OIA Mandates Accountabilities Governance Mission and disposition

• • •

Operational Engagement Pathway Project 2008-9 The ‘Wicked’ Issues

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OIA MANDATES

• • • • Designated under Higher Education Act 2004 as Independent Scheme without charge to complainants Qualifying Institutions include HEIs in England and Wales Governing Bodies have a statutory obligation to comply with the Scheme Rules [Section 15(1)] Qualifying complaints include “an act or omission” by an HEI, brought by student or former student [Section 12], once internal procedures exhausted [Sch 2,3b]. • • • Tests are whether HEI has abided by own procedures or acted reasonably “in all the circumstances” [Rules 7.4.4] Must not relate to “matters of academic judgment” [Section 12.2] Scheme funded by Member subscriptions based on student numbers.

3 • •

OIA ACCOUNTABILITIES

Duties of designated Operator, to publish Scheme and Annual Report, and supply information to Minister, set out in Act. Subject to Judicial Review following Siburorema hearing in Court of Appeal in 2007.

• • Company Limited by Guarantee. Not part of Ministry (as in Austria and Sweden). Not an NDPB with state funding. Not a Charity. Full (voluntary) adherence to Nolan Rules and 7 Principles of Public Life. Not a ‘Public Authority’ subject to FOI requests.

4 • •

OIA GOVERNANCE

Board has 14 members. A majority, 8, including the Chair, are Independent, appointed under Nolan Rules. A minority, 6, nominated by HE representative bodies. Included CUC (Ray Burton), UUK, NUS, HE Wales, Guild HE, and AHUA.

• • The Independent Adjudicator is appointed (3 year term) by the Board under Nolan Rules and leads a small Management Team and group of Assistant Adjudicators.

The Board plays no part in Adjudication, and has an obligation to preserve the independence of the Scheme and the Independent Adjudicator.

5 • • • •

OIA MISSION AND DISPOSITION

Mission: “Resolving student complaints with independence, impartiality and precision.” Values: Quality, Independence, Integrity, Openness and Service Ethos.

Key Operational Principles: A proportionate, evidence-based approach based on risk management, and promoting continuous dialogue to promote good practice Not a Regulator. Where a complaint is Justified we “may recommend” but “may not require” [Sch.2,S13(6)]. • • HEIs expected to comply with Formal Decisions and Recommendations “in full and in prompt manner” [Rules 7.5] Non-compliance will be reported to the Board and publicised in Annual Report. The Board considers “whether and if so how” referrals are dealt with [Rules 7.7,10.12].

OIA OPERATIONAL ENGAGEMENT

6 • • • • Complaints rising year-on year (537 in 2005, 900 in 2008).

Two-thirds of complaints relate to academic related issues (eg handling of mitigating circumstances, hearings and appeals) Business, Medicine-related and Law courses generate most complaints International students outside EU constitute 22 per cent of cases • • • • Handling times reduced by 17 per cent in 2008 In 2008, 7 per cent Justified, 16 per cent Partly Justified,71 per cent Not Justified. Unit cost of handling a complaint is 2k 15 Judicial Review Applications. 2 full hearings. None successful.

7 2008 - 900

Number of Complaints Per Year

2006 - 586 2007 - 736

8 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 582 130

Complaints Received by Category

69 53 31 22 13

9 60 40 20 0 160 148 140 120 116 115 100 80 72 55

Complaints by Course Type by JACS Reference

44 42 31 30 29 29 27 21 20 19 18 18 16 13 9 9 8 7 4

10 Other postgraduate qualification - 286

Complaints by Student Status

Not provided - 16 PhD - 69 Undergraduate - 529

11 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 465 2006

Number of Eligible Complaints per Year

600 2007 734 2008

12 250 200 150 100 50 0 500 450 400 350 300 41

Outcome of Eligible Complaints Closed in 2008

450 103 23 13

13 • • • •

THE PATHWAY PROJECT

Consultation exercise on the next phase of OIA development Issues and Questions Paper (October 2008) attracted 122 institutional responses.

Independent quantitative study of student complainants (conducted by Kings College, London) April and May 2009.

Report to be published in Autumn 2009.

• • • • Early Findings: Broad consensus that 2004 Scheme an improvement on previous arrangements and has promoted better practice by HEIs Strong endorsement of independence of Office and authority of Adjudications. HEIs critical of the time and effort required to conclude decisions. No consensus on alternative funding arrangements

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THE ‘WICKED’ ISSUES

• • • • Public Trust Transparency Time keeping’) (‘Comrades ! The first principle of the Revolution is effective time Complaints Resolution • • • Promoting Good Practice Strategic Planning for ‘No Surprises’ The User Perspective – being faithful to the student experience.