Transcript Wireless in Robotics: areas for patenting

October 2004
© ABB Corporate Research - 1
ABB Corporate Research
Wireless ad-hoc
sensor networks in
the process
industry:
challenges and
opportunities
© ABB Corporate Research - 2
Outline
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Brief introduction to ABB and CRC
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Radio wave propagation in industry
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Example projects
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Standards
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Now what?
© ABB Corporate Research - 3
ABB’s Research & Development (R&D)
ABB Group
Chief Technology Officer
R&D
R&Din
in22Divisions
Divisions
2 Global
Global Research
Research Labs
Labs
R&D Investments 2003: 930 MUSD, of which 10% in global research.
ABB annually invests US$ 930 million in R&D
Order-related
development
317
Product
development
© ABB Corporate Research - 4
518
Research
95
Global Labs and Locations
6 Sites
in Europe
Oslo
Ladenburg
Vaasa
Västerås
Krakow
Beijing/
Shanghai
Baden-Dättwil
Wickliffe
2 Sites
in USA
Bangalore
Raleigh
© ABB Corporate Research - 5
Automation Technologies
CH, SE, US W, DE, NO, IN
Power Technologies
CH, SE, US R, PL, FI, (CN)
2 Sites
in Asia
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Program competencies - Communication
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Fieldbus technologies
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Industrial Ethernet
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Vertical integration
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Wireless communication
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Internet technologies
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Mobile applications
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Wireless power
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Safety

Security
NO/SE:
NO:
• Safety
• Wireless
communication
• Mobile Internet &
appl./HMI
NO/SE/DE/CH:
• Comms & networking
theory
• Automation networks
• Embedded systems
development
DE:
• Alternative
powersupplies
• Micro energy
generation
CH:
• IT
Security
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Radio wave propagation industry
Wireless communications in industrial env
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Industrial plants, power
plants, productions
facilities
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Results
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Harsh environments
Extreme temperature
Vibration
Steel constructions
Obstructions
Possible EMC
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Heavy multipath fading
Fast/slow fading
Good coverage
Local variations in
received power
Wireless communications in industrial env
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Received power versus logarithmic distance
between Tx and Rx
Wireless communications in industrial env
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Simulations of radiowave propagation in a nuclear power plant
Noise in 2.4GHz range, NEFI high voltage lab
Measure spectrum in vicinity of arc:
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arc length 10cm
arc current 16kA
antenna distance 2m
duration 1.0 sec
3dBi omnidirectional whip antenna
Noise in the 2.4GHz ISM band
2.4 - 2.5GHz, max hold
No measurable effect in this band!
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Baseline plot
Arc plot
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Bluetooth test at Sauda smelting plant
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Strong electromagnetic fields, 25MW at 110V three phase
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Typical industrial environment (heat, dust, metal obj.,)
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No deterioration in the measured BER
© ABB Corporate Research - 14
Outline

Brief introduction to ABB and CRC

Radio wave propagation in industry

Example projects

Standards

Now what?
© ABB Corporate Research - 15
Example: Wireless Proximity Sensor
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Pioneering technology for wireless automation
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ABB has developed first solution for remotely powered, real-time
wireless communication
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WISA (Wireless Interface for Sensors and Actuators) – an ABB
platform for wireless in manufacturing automation
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WPS product launched in Nov. 03
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Wall Street Journal Innovation Award 2002
Innovation Gold Award
Wall Street Journal 2002
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Example: ZigBee for field instruments
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Technology evaluation
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Demonstrate wireless access to field
device over ZigBee/802.15.4
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Cable replacement
© ABB Corporate Research - 18
Outline
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Brief introduction to ABB and CRC
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Radio wave propagation in industry
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Example projects
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Standards
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Now what?
Available standards for WSN
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Bluetooth (802.15.1)
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Overkill (IP stack, voice channel)
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Power consumption too high for battery powered devices
ZigBee (802.15.4)
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Low complexity, low power, low bandwidth
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Supports star, tree, and mesh topologies
802.11s
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New standard in the making for mesh networking using standard
WLAN technology
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Comming down in both cost and power consumption
Bluetooth
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Piconets master/slave structure
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seven active slaves per master
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255 sleeping nodes
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Supports scatternets with nodes being members of
more than one piconet
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1Mbps in original version
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Supports voice
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Major obstacles:
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Small size of piconet!!!!
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Slow wakeup of sleeping nodes (excess of two seconds)
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Complex stack (expensive equipment)
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Expensive qualification programme
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ZigBee
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Aims at industrial, PC peripherals, toys, home
automation
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Low power, low price, low complexity radio
specification
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Approximately 20mA ON, deep sleep modes
available
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Minimum 30ms latency
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250 kbps in 2.4GHz ISM band
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16 independent channels
ZigBee
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Based on IEEE
805.15.4 PHY/MAC
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New low freq. PHY
under development
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NTW specified by
ZigBee Alliance
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Ratified Oct-04
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Stack requirements:
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4-8 kBytes (including MAC)
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50 kBytes (including NTW)
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802.11s
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Standardisation work in progress
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Expected date of submission 01.01.2006
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Proposal so far:
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APs form wireless backbone supporting multihop
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Leaf nodes do NOT route!
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Automatic configuration and route repair
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Use existing frame structure to allow multihop between access
points
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Targets up to 32 APs participating in the network
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WSN: so what is new?
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Multihop. All nodes act as routers
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Do away with fixed infrastructure all together
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Extend coverage beyond single radio hop
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No network planning
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Faster deployment
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Lower maintenance cost and effort
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Self healing
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Robust to the demise of single network elements
WSN: possibilities in industry
A
A) Tracking mobile
production units
B
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B) Connectivity in
inaccessible locations
C
C) Mesh networks
in open and closed
loop control
WSN: opportunities in open loop
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Application areas in industrial automation:
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Condition monitoring. Detecting equipment wear-and-tear.
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Asset management. Keeping track of inventory,
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Energy management
Fieldbus
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Sensor
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Control room
Service application
Sensor
Sensor
General requirements:
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Short packets
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Low average date rate
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Low power
Other areas:
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Fieldbus
Removable
Sensor
Sensor
Removable
Sensor
Sensor
Environmental monitoring
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Defence
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Building automation
Off-line
processing and
optimisation
Control room
WSN: challenges in open loop
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Can be done!
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Use timestamping and store-and-forward
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Will be the first to see real products
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Honeywell
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Emerson
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ABB?
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Non real-time
Processing of
off-line wireless
sensor data
Non real-time
Control
system
Actuation
Plant
Sensors
Wired sensor output
Wireless sensor output
WSN : opportunities in closed loop
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Application areas:
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Metals and mining
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Pulp and paper
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Oil and gas
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Chemical
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(temp, pressure, level,…)
General requirements
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Short packets
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Low average date rate
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Low power
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Short latency
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Guaranteed packet delivery
Control
System
Wireless Actuation
Plant
Sensors
Wireless Sensing
WSN : challenges in closed loop
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A lot more complex on several levels
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Energy sensitivity
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Adaptive power control (Stanford)
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Cluster head management
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Hot-spots and aggregation node depletion
Latency “guarantees” over multihop networks
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Interesting new work has been done on MAC level, e.g. non-uniform
back-off, time-slicing, …
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QoS in routing algorithms
Robust control algorithms
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Kalman filtering with intermittent sampling
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…
Major players
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Networking
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Applications in control
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Ember
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Honeywell
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Millennial
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Phillips
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Dust
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Emerson
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CrossBow
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ABB
Building blocks
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Chipcon
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Figure8Wireless
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Freescale
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OKI
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Atmel