Transcript World War I - Warren Hills Regional School District

World War I
Setting the Stage
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Objectives
 What were the 4 underlying causes of WWI?
 What was the spark that led to WWI?
 How did all the major powers of Europe get involved in
the war?
 What countries were the Allied Powers? The Central
Powers?
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UNDERLYING CAUSES
1. Nationalism
• Emerged in 1800s – nationalities calling for political unity /
independence
2. Imperialism
• Colonization of Africa, Asia, etc. had led to conflicts
3. Militarism
•
•
•
Glorification of armed strength
Late 1800s – large well trained armies
If one nation mobilized others followed suit
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Militarism at it’s best
 Dreadnought
• GB -1906
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4. Alliance System
Triple Entente:
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Triple Alliance:
Germany – Looking for protection?
 Bismarck feared France would seek revenge
• 1871 – Franco-Prussian War
 1881 – Three Emperor’s League – Ger, A-H, Russia
• Stay neutral
 1882 –Triple Alliance – Ger, A-H, Italy
 1887 – Reinsurance Treaty w/ Russia
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Putting together the Triple Entente
 France now looking for assistance
 1894 – France & Russia ally together
 G.B. angered by German naval build-up
 1907 – Triple Entente – GB, Russia, France
 Italy has their hand in both cookie jars ***
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Europe 1914
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Walter Trier, drawing illustrating the military alliances in Europe (1914)
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Balkans - “The Powder Keg”
 Serbia independent – hoped to
join with Bosnia-Herzegovina
 1908 – A-H annexed BosniaHerzegovina
 Germany supported A-H
 Russia supported Serbia
• Pan Slavism
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The Spark
 June 28, 1914
 Archduke Franz Ferdinand
(heir to A-H) assassinated
in Sarajevo
 Gavrilo Princip – Serbian
Nationalist – Black Hand assassin
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The Ultimatum
 A-H obviously sought punishment
• Needed Germany’s approval – blank check
 Austria-Hungary demanded that Serbia get rid of any
anti Austria-Hungary books, teachers, groups, officials
or face military action
 Serbia began to mobilize
 July 28, 1914 – Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
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And so it begins…
 Russia begins to mobilize – support Serbia
• August 1 – Germany declares war on Russia
 August 3 - Germany declares war on France
 Belgium stays neutral – not supposed to be attacked
 August 4. 1914 – Germany rolls into Belgium to get to
France so GB declared war on Germany
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The Schlieffen Plan
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War Expands
 Japan enters on the side of France & Russia
 Italy stayed neutral for 10 months
• 1915- entered on side of GB, FR, Russia
 Ottoman Empire joined Germany & Austria-Hungary
 Bulgaria joins Ger, Ott, A-H in Oct. 1915
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Allies in Green, Central Powers in Orange
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Total War
 A war in which nations turn
all their resources to the
war effort became known
as “total war.”
 Soldiers were drafted
civilians.
 Men who were not drafted,
as well as women, worked
in arms factories.
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For Recruitment
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Munitions Workers
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French Women Factory
Workers
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German Women Factory Workers
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Red Cross Nurses
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Women in the Army Auxiliary
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Russian Women Soldiers
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A Multi-Front War
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The Western Front
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Trench Warfare
“No Man’s
Land”
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Verdun – February, 1916
 German offensive.
 Each side had 500,000
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casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916
 60,000 British soldiers killed in one
day.
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 Over 1,000,000
killed in 5 months.
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
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The Sinking
of the Lusitania
- May 1915-
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The Zimmerman Telegram
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The Yanks
Are Coming!
“The world must be made
safe for democracy”
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