Transcript Introduction to WASP

Economic, CO2 and Security performance of
power system operation with carbon capture plant
and renewable generation
(Theme A5 - UK Real Time Energy Supply and CCS Plant)
Anser Shakoor, Cheeyong Chen, Goran Strbac
(Imperial College London)
(UKCCSC meeting – Nottingham- 18 April 2007)
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Presentation Outline
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Objectives
Modelling CC technologies
Case studies
Results
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Project Objectives:
Development and implementation of a simulation
(system operation) platform to evaluate the cost,
CO2 and security performance of UK power
generation system, with carbon capture applied to
conventional (fossil fuelled) generation.
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Key Questions:
• How the introduction of carbon capture technologies
impact on the technical, economic and environmental
performance of UK generation system?
• How the combination of carbon capture process and
high penetration of intermittent renewable (wind)
generation influence the UK power system operation?
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Modelling CC Technologies -1
a - Post Combustion Capture
• Approx. 85% CO2 is removed through amine scrubbing of flue
gases.
• Does not alter the combustion process and provides flexibility
• Solvent regeneration & CO2 compression is required that needs
large amount of energy (~ 10% of plant capacity effected)
• Option-1: store solvent thus reclaiming plant capacity during high
demand periods, with later regeneration during low demand periods.
• Option-2: stop carbon capture during high demand periods
(associated with high CO2 release to atmosphere).
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Modelling CC Technologies -2
Summary of different modes of operation in post combustion CC
Mode of Operation /
Generator
Characteristics
Minimum Stable
Generation
(MSG) MW
Generator
Registered Capacity
(GRC) MW
CO2
Release
(%)
Without Capture
(simple venting)
250
500
100
With Capture
(Regeneration)
225
450
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With Capture (Solvent
Storage with No
Regeneration)
250
500
10
With Capture
(Regeneration +
stored solvent
regeneration)
200
400
10
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Modelling CC Technologies -3
b – Pre Combustion Capture
• Uses fuel conversion before combustion/conversion
• Operating characteristics of pre combustion plant (less flexible) is
very different from post combustion plant
• Can not be operated like solvent storage in post combustion as
continuous removal of CO2 is required (also high pressure vessel
req.).
• Limited gain of simple venting as most of the CC related energy is
consumed before removal of carbon.
• Plants with pre combustion carbon capture are modelled as
inflexible with 10% reduction in their output
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System Description -1
Demand:
Pk. Demand = 57 GW,
Min. Demand = 18GW
•
Annual hourly demand profile considering 6
characteristic days, three seasons (winter, summer
and spring/autumn) and two types of days (business
and non business day).
•
Demand is assumed to be fully predictable (i.e.,
impact of demand forecasting error is not included).
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System Description -2
Generation System
THERMAL
SYSTEMS
Low Flexibility
(LF)
Medium
Flexibility
(MF)
Parameters
Inflexible
Generation
Moderate
flexibility
Generation
Flexible
Generation
MSG
100%
77%
50%
Capacity
installed
9.5GW
26GW
>25.6GW
MSG
100%
62%
50%
Capacity
installed
9.5GW
26GW
>25.6GW
• WIND GENERATION: Annual hourly generic UK wind generation profile
is used to represent 26 GW (20%) of wind generation capacity installed
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Reserve Requirement & Provision
•
•
Two cases of reserve provision:
i. Entire reserve provided by synchronised plant
ii. Part of reserve provided by conventional
synchronised plant and rest by standing reserve
form; a) OCGTs, b) Carbon capture plant
Amount of reserve req. derived from the standard
deviation of wind variations (4-hr time horizon)
No. of
Standard
Deviation
in wind
variation
Wind
output
forecast
error
(MW)
Operating
Reserve
Requirement
(MW)
Maximum
Spinning
Reserve
(MW)
Maximum
Standing
Reserve
(MW)
Standing
Reserve
from OCGT
(MW)
Standing
Reserve
from CCS
(MW)
3.5
2415
8451
8451
0
0
0
2.5
2415
6036
6036
2500
1550
950
2.3
2415
5554
5554
3000
2050
950
2
2415
4829
4829
3500
2550
950
1.7
2415
4105
4105
4500
3550
950
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Model Output
Simulation of system operation (hour by hour, year round) with 26 GW
of wind capacity, taking into consideration daily and seasonal demand
changes and variations in wind output provides the following key
output per annum.
- energy produced by conventional plant
- CO2 emissions
- generation cost including cost associated with carrying spinning
reserve
- energy not supplied (due to insufficient reserves and constraints
on ramp rates)
- wind generation curtailed (due to minimum stable generation
constraints and constraints on ramp rates)
- energy produced by OCGTs (when OCGT plant is used)
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Preliminary
Results
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Reduction in fuel cost
Total Standing
Reserve Capacity
(MW)
OCGT
Capacity
(MW)
CCS
Capacity
(MW)
Low
Flexibility
System
(£m/pa)
Medium
Flexibility
System
(£m/pa)
2500
1550
950
196
189
3000
2050
950
243
232
3500
2550
950
316
298
4500
3550
950
395
366
• 10% (950MW) of the total CC plant capacity is available for provision of
standing reserve
• Assumption: cost of OCGT is 50£/MWh (in contrast to marginal cost of
synchronised plant of 20£/MWh)
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Reduction in CO2 Emissions
Total Standing
Reserve Capacity
(MW)
OCGT
CCS
Capacity Capacity
(MW)
(MW)
Low
Medium
Flexibility
Flexibility
System
System
(tonnes/pa) (tonnes/pa)
2500
1360
950
3,926,361
3,792,819
3000
1860
950
4,872,426
4,663,161
3500
2360
950
6,379,451
6,013,640
4500
3360
950
8,008,434
7,427,662
• Assuming that standing reserve plant emit 0.6 tonne/MWh compared to
0.4 tonne/MWh by synchronised plant.
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Reduction in thermal energy /
Increase in Utilization of Wind energy
Low
Total Standing
OCGT
CCS
Flexibility
Reserve Capacity Capacity Capacity System
(MW)
(MW)
(MW)
(MWh/pa)
Medium
Flexibility
System
(MWh/pa)
2500
1360
950
5,117,497
2,191,325
3000
1860
950
6,103,847
2,555,790
3500
2360
950
7,476,273
3,042,481
4500
3360
950
8,722,823
3,464,049
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Further Work
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Model enhancement including:
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Effect of demand forecast errors
Reserve req. assessment based on temporal wind
& demand level
Oxy fuels
Start-up costs….
Further studies involving real systems, levels
of system security, fuel prices, ……
Documentation of developed model and
results (report)
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Economic, CO2 and Security performance of
power system operation with carbon capture plant
and renewable generation
(Theme A5 - UK Real Time Energy Supply and CCS Plant)
Anser Shakoor, Cheeyong Chen, Goran Strbac
(Imperial College London)
(UKCCSC meeting – Nottingham- 18 April 2007)
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