Transcript Chinese Nationalism - Churchville Central School District

China
The Ming
The Qing
The Yuan
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Khubilai Khan
 Khubilai
the grandson of Genghis after the
death of Ogodei will name himself the Great
Khan.
 There will be opposition by those still in
Mongolia over this decree.
 Khubilai will start to rule from Beijing and in
1271 will create the Yuan Dynasty.
The Yuan
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Khubilai Khan’s
Contributions
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Gave China a regional identity
Unify China after the fall of the
Song.
Laid the boundaries of modern
China
Worked together to bring
Mongol and Chinese cultures.
However while trying change
the culture of China Khubilai
still conformed to the
traditional Chinese culture
The Yuan
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Khubilai’s changes
Did away with the scholar examination system
 Placed Mongols in the highest positions in court
 Chinese were subordinate to the Mongol
 Confucianism was at odds with the rising merchant
culture
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The Yuan
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Khubilai Khan
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Re-opens the Silk Road which
created a Pax Mongolia in
which there was a flow of new
ideas of religion, technology.
Great amounts of wealth were
brought into the Chinese
Empire
There was new construction of
roads, waterways and cities in
China
The Yuan
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Europeans travelled to China such as Marco
Polo
Muslims brought new ideas of science, medicine,
astrology
Mandarin became to official language
The Yuan
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Decline
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By 1340 feuding among Mongol
princes led to rebellions
throughout the empire
Natural disasters coupled with the
Black Death lead to a population
decline of up to about 40 percent
Many were unhappy with the
Mongol culture and wanted to
renew the Chinese Culture in
China
The Mongols were absorbed into
the Chinese culture while others
returned home
The Ming
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In 1368 the Ming will end the
Mongol ruled Yuan Empire
The first Ming Emperor Hongwu
tried to drive out foreign influence
however this was short lived and
the Ming tried returning to the
Yuan system and this too did not
work
There was period of stagnation and
by 1430’s there was decline in
agriculture and China’s boarders
were being threatened.
The Ming
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Problems with feeding large
populations reduced
commercial progress
Due to foreign pressure on
the boarders technology was
restricted so it did not fall
into enemies hands.
However major Chinese still
produced cultural works in
areas such literature, music,
poetry and painting.
The Ming
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By the 1500’s there was a large demand for goods from China
 Furniture, silk, blue and white porcelain
By 1550’s China’s economy was flooded with silver from the
New World because of the large amount of exports coming out
of China.
However poor government monetary policies, and corruption
lead to inflation this coupled with epidemics and stagnate
agriculture lead to peasant unrest
Also China did something interesting, it closed its door and
isolated itself from the world
The Ming
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Class Question
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Why would the Ming isolate themselves from the
rest of the world and what effect would this have on
China and future dynasties?
The Ming
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Ming rulers were also cautious about foreigners
Europeans were now drawn to China for it’s
goods and technology
In a effort to restrict trade outposts were
established to limit trade in China
The Dutch East India Company will be the
most successful because they were willing to ask
for permission to trade
The Qing
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By 1570’s the Ming faced many internal and
external problems that caused a threat to the
dynasty
In the south Japanese pirates
 In the north Mongols
 In the northwest the Manchu were consolidating
power
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The Qing
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In 1592 the Japanese attacked Korea and drove towards
China.
 The cost of defending China and the movement of
people fleeing cost the Ming
 In 1640’s internal problems caused the Ming to turn
to the Manchu to help stop the rebellions
 After the rebellions had stopped the Manchu failed
to turn China back over to the Ming
 The Manchu would set up the Qing Dynasty and
now control China
Reading
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In the Human Record
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Yang Lien page 86-89 and answer the questions for
analysis
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Emperor Kangxi self portrait 209-213 and answer
the questions for analysis
The Qing
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Once the Ming took over China they quickly realized that to
control China they needed to adopt many of the Chinese
practices
The Manchu would control the government however China
would need to be turned over to the Chinese.
Also there was a growing interest in trade with China by
European nations.
By the 16th Century Europeans in growing numbers were drawn
to the wealth that China had.
And Christianity was starting to grow in China. Emperor
Kangxi started to use Jesuits to fill government positions.
The Qing
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With this new European influence China began to look like a
European style government.
The Qing had also restored order after the fall of Ming by
working on internal problems
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Rebuilding roads, lowering taxes, re-settling land and giving land back to
the peasants.
By the time Kangxi took power China was back to a time of
peace and prosperity which allowed for China to start a policy of
expansion of its boarders.
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There were wars with both Russia in which China gained land and
Mongolia which came under Chinese control.
The Qing
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While China was expanding internally it was still
trying to keep foreign powers out of mainland
China
Europeans were only allowed to trade in Canton
but by 1790 The British were upset that there
was a growing trade deficit
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British silver was going into China to pay for tea however the
Chinese were not using the same silver to buy British goodsThe British did not have anything the Chinese wanted.
The Qing
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The British East India Company was close to
bankruptcy
Diplomatic talks were a failure in 1792 with
Lord George Macartney
There was a barrier between the Chinese and the
British
The Qing
Problems within the Qing
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China itself was heading into an economic decline caused by
a massive population explosion and the lack of food
China had failed to keep current with new technology
Disforestation lead to lack of heating fuel
The Qing had doubled the size of the empire of the Ming and
this lead to rebellions
Natural disasters
 And then there was
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The Qing
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Opium
Song
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Conclusion
The Song had developed a large trade and city
system in China
 The Song had also developed a large seafaring trade
system and the largest port in the world
 The Song spread Chinese influence across Asia by
the means of literature which would influence Japan
and Korea
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