Transcript Lecture 14 The INT Project: Turning Your Burdens into

YOUR INT PROJECT
IDENTIFY
IDENTIFY
YOUR PASSION (BURDEN)
IDENTIFY PROJECT
It might be something you are already
doing
OR
It might be a new area you want to get
involved in
Sections of the Project Document
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Research
Justification
Proposed Solution
Structure/Platform for
Change Project
10. Vision/Mission/ Goal
and Objectives
11. Proposed Activities
12. Expected Results
13. Monitoring/Evaluation
14. Strengths and
Innovation
15. Resource Mobilization
Plan/ Budget
16. Possible Collaborations
17. Appendices
1. Cover Page
The cover page for your project document
should provide key information such as
1. Title of Project
2. Sphere of Society targeted
3. Name of Oak Seed
4. INT Class: OS-RWA-001-03-2011
5. Submission Date
6. Optional: duration of project
7. Optional: Budget amount
2. Table of Contents
1. If your document is longer than five
pages, include a Table of Contents on
the next page to help the reader know
what to expect, and that you have
considered different aspects of project
development.
2. If there are several abbreviations or
acronyms, they can be listed after this
3. Executive Summary
An Executive Summary is a summary of the entire
proposal usually written last. The recommended
length for the Executive Summary is one page (or
two pages for a larger proposal). Executive
Summary are written to help readers determine
whether your project interests them. The Executive
Summary should be compelling—an invitation to
read further— and a good overview of the essential
elements of the document. A well-written Executive
Summary demonstrates that you know what your
project is about because you can highlight the key
elements. It should include brief descriptions of key
information from each section of the proposal.
4. Introduction
• The recommended length for the Introduction
is about 1 page and half. The introduction to
a project covers two themes: the problem
the project intends to address and the
credibility /qualifications of the (proposed)
organization planning to implement the
project in paragraphs following one another.
• Describe the geographical, political,
economic context of the problem or issue. An
accurate understanding and definition of
the problem should lead logically to a
description of why the problem is of
5. Statement of Problem/
Research
• This section talks about the specific
problem you are trying to address. Convey
a sense of urgency. Why should a donor
pay attention to the problem you describe?
Be thorough but brief.
• Do if possible specific research on the
problem, its origins, and root causes, effects
in that sphere and how it affects national
development. What gap are you trying to
fill? Provide up-to-date statistics and the
most recent research findings.
5. Statement of Problem
/Research
• Present statistics at the international,
national, and local levels. Draw on
information obtained from your needs
assessment (interviews, questionnaires,
focus group discussions) if one was
conducted. Cite each statistic or finding with
a footnote, endnote, or with a parenthetical
citation. Show how recent your information
is and the credibility of your sources. If the
only available statistics seem out-of-date,
mention that they are the most recent ones.
6. Proposed Biblical Solution/
Behaviour Theory
• Tie the solution to Biblical principles. This is
predicated on the assumption that every
problem has biblical solution. Search the
scriptures.
• In practice it is called conceptual model/
conceptual framework - a statement of how
the proposed project will achieve the desired
results in theory. Your conceptual model
should explain how the interventions being
proposed would effect the desired change
based on scripture or otherwise. It clarifies
6. Proposed Biblical Solution/
Behaviour Theory
• E.g. A conceptual model that has been used
widely in the field of reproductive health is
the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices
(KAP) model. This conceptual framework
theorizes that strategies designed to
increase knowledge will affect attitudes,
which will then lead to positive changes in
behavior.
• Other models based on theories of behavior
change (for example, the Health Belief Model
6. Proposed Biblical Solution/
Behaviour Theory
• Once you have reviewed the theories of
behavior change or other theories that relate
to your program area, you will need to
determine whether your project is related to
any of these. You may decide that one of the
theoretical models in the literature is
appropriate to inform your own project, or
you may decide to develop your own based
on scripture.
7. Structure/ Platform fore
Project
• What platform will deliver most effectively your
national transformation? NGO, Foundation,
School, Church, Hospital, Orphanage, Eatery,
Business etc
• Give an indication of your proposed organogram
including a simple manageable start-up structure.
• Describe your organization and what makes it a
good candidate for the proposed project. Do you
have the ability to carry out the project
successfully?
8. DEFINE YOUR VISION
/MISSION
Simply put, a vision is a picture (in words) of a
desired or preferred future of your particular
sphere of society.
It is a description of where the sphere in the
nation, your organization (and you within it) will
be some years from now. A vision of success
also helps you to establish benchmarks or
milestones to indicate whether or not you are
meeting your goals and strategic objectives.
While a mission statement is centered around
the process of what you need to be doing, a
Vision statement is the end result of what you
will have done. It is your ‘ideal’.
Vision Questions
1. In five years, what would we be? How would we
know we were there?
2. What do we really want to do or create?
3. Whom do we really need or want to serve?
4. What image, reputation, or influence do we want?
5. Imagine and think about a time in the future, You
have accomplished all that is important to you
6. What picture do you see in your mind that represents
that accomplishment?
7. Write a newspaper headline reporting on your
accomplishments in the year 2010
Mission Statement
Answers Three questions:
• Who are we?
• What are we committed to?
(business/vision)
• What do we do? ( functions)
• Where do we do it?
• What do we believe in or stand
for? (values)
Crafting a Mission Statement:
Based on the response to the questions and
using the Mission verbs, value words, craft
the Mission Statement of your project or NGO
to read thus:
Our NGO (Name of NGO)_________ Mission
is to ________, ____________, _________
(3 verbs) through ________ (core values) to,
for, with _____________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
(group or cause that moves or excites you)
8b. GOALS, OBJECTIVES, ACTIVITIES
From your vision, zero down on the specific goal of this
project you are writing. Why set goals and objectives for a
specific period?
•Provides guide in planning, implementation and
evaluation
•It sharpens focus and direct efforts by breaking down
your vision/mission
•It reinforces self commitment, self planning, self
motivation, self supervision, self discipline, self
management and self reward
•It provides sound basis for the selection or design of
approaches and activities
•It guides in the organisation of thought line of action
GOALS
•The goal is the desired state OR dream with
a dead line
•The proposed long range benefits of the
program to the selected population, defined
in general terms
•Describes in broad, non quantified manner,
long terms changes that will result from the
work on identified problems.
To Identify the GOALS of your
Program, Ask Yourself:
•What kind of change would you like your
project to contribute to?
•What are the specific problems in this area
affecting the focus population or sphere?
•Which of these problems are feasible for my
organization/project to contribute to changing
in the next five years? Face the brutal facts.
EXAMPLES OF GOALS
• -Improved skills of community leaders to request
accountability from the local governments
• -Improved capacity of young people to make
informed choices on matters of sexuality and
sexual and reproductive health by promoting and
supporting interventions that empower them.
• -Improved enabling policy environment for the
implementation of RH and population policies and
programs in X District
OBJECTIVES
• An objective is the specific, operationalized
statement detailing the desired
accomplishment of the project. It is the
expected outcome or intermediate result that
will lead to the accomplishment of your goal
• Or a series of specific accomplishments
designed to address the stated problems and
attain the desired/stated goal. An objective is
an end point, not a process. It is a description
of what will exist at the end of a project
Objectives must be SMART:
• Specific
•
•
•
•
(to an issue/avoid differing
interpretations)
Measurable (to monitor and evaluate
progress –quantify, go numerical!)
Appropriate (to the problem, goal, setting,
organization, culture etc)
Realistic (achievable and not, yet challenging
and meaningful)
Time-bound (Specify time for achievement)
Nehemiah was time-bound
Nehemiah 2:6,7
6 Then the king said to me (the queen also sitting
beside him), “How long will your journey be?
And when will you return?” So it pleased the
king to send me; and I SET HIM A TIME.
7 Furthermore I said to the king, “If it pleases
the king, let letters be given to me for the
governors of the region beyond the River, that
they must permit me to pass through till I come
to Judah,
To Identify Objectives of
Your Project, Ask:
– What changes or intermediate results must happen
in the focus population to accomplish this goal?
– Or what outcomes do you want to accomplish under
this goal at the end of this 2-5 year period?
– Who do you envision as your target audience for this
goal?
– What is the scope you want to embark on to
accomplish this goal?
Sample Verbs for Objectives
APPROPRIATE
VERBS
• Decrease
• Increase
• Strengthen
• Improve
• Enhance
INAPPROPRIATE
VERBS
• Train
• Provide
• Produce
• Establish/Create
• Conduct
FORMULATING OBJECTIVES
The standard form for an objective is:
(Verb Noting Direction Of Change) +
(Area of Change) +
(Target Population) +
(Degree of Change) +
time frame.
– To reduce the unemployment status of all
nurses and midwives, so that 80% of all
trained nurses and midwives are fully
employed within six months of graduation.
Examples
• To increase awareness of HIV/AIDS transmission and
prevention strategies amongst youth aged 14-25 yrs
in Ikota by October 2007
• At the end of the three-year project, increase
awareness among national policymakers (legislators
and Ministry of Health officials), women’s groups and
other non governmental organizations on the
consequences and extent of unsafe abortion in
Country Z and strategies to address it (emergency
contraception, post-abortion care, and safe abortion
services).
9. Proposed Activities
/Interventions
• The activities are what your project proposes
to do to achieve its objectives. The term
“activity” generally refers to a specific task.
They are linked to particular objectives.
When activities are referred to broadly or
when they are grouped together, they are
sometimes called “strategies” or
“interventions.”
• When devising activities, consider the skills
and expertise of your
To identify the
INTERVENTIONS/ACTIVITES
• Ask yourself
– What activities can we carry out that will help lead
to these changes listed in our objectives?
– Why do we think our activities will accomplish
these changes?
– What order should these actions/activities follow?
Devising Activities
Be descriptive in the Activities section of the
project. For each activity, discuss:
•How will it be done or carried out?
•Why did you choose these activities?
•Who will conduct the activity?
•Who are the beneficiaries? Will the
beneficiaries/ target be involved in the design,
implementation or evaluation of the activity?
•How many beneficiaries will be directly
involved?
Devising Activities
For each activity, discuss:
•When will the activity occur? For how long? What will
be the frequency of the activity? (Will it happen once,
or will it be repeated?)
•What materials will you need to conduct the activity?
Will materials or curricula have to be
developed/adapted or do the materials already exist?
•Will your organization collaborate with other
organizations to carry out the activity? What will be
the role of each organization?
10. DELIVERABLES
/EXPECTED RESULTS
• Deliverables or expected results are
changes that will occur in that sphere as a
result of your interventions
• They are your objectives rephrased as
actual outcomes
• Be specific, about ¼ to half page
• These must be realistic
• List them in bullet points
11. Monitoring and Evaluation
• This section provides details on how the
effects of the intervention will be measured.
A well-designed monitoring and evaluation
plan will enable project staff to understand
how the project is functioning and to make
programmatic decisions throughout the life of
the project. The monitoring and evaluation
section should answer the following
questions:
– What indicators will be measured?
– Where will the information or data come from?
Monitoring & Evaluation
• Monitoring is the
routine process of
checking and
measuring
progress toward
the NGO’s
program
objectives.
• Evaluation is the use
of special studies to
measure the extent to
which desired
changes in NGO’s
target community
outcomes can be
linked to the NGO’s
activities or
interventions.
What to monitor and evaluate
• Inputs: Resources used to carry out project activities
(e.g., funds, hired labor)
• Process: Activities and operations (e.g., advocacy
events, town hall meetings).
• Outputs: Are the measurable items produced by a
project (e.g., number of school facilities renovated,
Advocacy visits)
• Outcomes: Immediate or short-term consequences of
a program or project (e.g., no of new women using
health facility, no of girls completing primary
education).
• Impact/Performance: Long-term consequences of a
program or project (e.g., reduction in infant mortality
rate, corruption in community)
Selecting Indicators
• An indicator is a measurable statement/
evidence of accomplishment of program
objectives and activities
• Indicators are descriptions expressed as
counts as percentages, Ratios, Proportions,
Rates or Averages
• A program may have single indicators or
multiple indicators –process, design,
outcome indicators
12. Strengths and Innovations
–The recommended length for this section is
half a page.
–It answers the question: Why unique?
• Reiterate what is innovative or
interesting about your project, what sets
it apart from other projects. Talk about
the innovative features in the project
design, in the process of conducting the
project, or in the programmatic elements.
13. Budget/ Resources
• The Budget section should include costs for
personnel, materials, equipment, and activities
mentioned in the proposal.
• The Budget, presented in a table, should be
accompanied by narrative Budget Notes on a
separate page.
• The Budget relates directly to the Activities
described in the proposal.
• Budget categories may include salaries, training,
equipment supply, administration, travel etc
Resource Mobilization
Resources could be in terms
• Money
• Material
• Human
• Technology
• Equipment, furniture and furnishing
• Motor Vehicle
• Infrastructure
14. Possible Collaborations
• Name other organizations (that is, collaborators)
that will participate in the project, if any. Many
donors are interested in funding collaborations,
in order to draw on the expertise of various
organizations, scale up programs, and obtain a
greater return on their investment. If you plan to
collaborate with another group, how will you
collaborate?
• Describe your previous involvement with other
groups.
15. Appendices: ACTION PLANS
• Action Plans are detailed
descriptions of the bundle of
activities that will take place, in
sequential order, to achieve a
specific strategic objective and the
resources, especially monetary, that
will be required to undertake them.
CONTENTS OF THE ACTION PLAN
• A detailed, well-articulated action plan
should show not only specific activities, but
also:
✔ Time frame for completion
✔ Persons responsible
✔ Resources needed
✔ Expected outcomes or results
✔ Indicators for monitoring and evaluating and
documenting results
Sample Work Plan/Grant Chart
EXAMPLES OF PIONEER CLASS INDIVIDUAL
PROJECTS
• PATRIOTISM: A proposal for the
Development of a National Patriotism
Program in Uganda (Ketty Lamaro)
• Breaking the Cycle of Poverty: Jatropha
The Wonder Plant (Betty Muvuma)
• Pensions for National Development
(Moses Segawa)
• Kikaatsi Valley Dam Project (Allen
Kagina)
EXAMPLES OF PIONEER CLASS INDIVIDUAL
PROJECTS
• Prayer Mobilisation for National
Transformation by 2035 (Ronnie Bosa)
• Solid Waste Management in Kampala
(Juliet Koreny)
• Dream Shuttle, Kampala’s Rapid Transit
Service Operator (Peter Ben Hur Nyeko)
• Improving Household Incomes of Rural
Women in Sapiri Parish Budaka District
(James Kisaale)
EXAMPLES OF PIONEER CLASS GROUP
PROJECTS
• POLITICS: MOBILISING NATIONAL
LEADERS IN THE 3 ARMS OF
GOVERNMENT FOR NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
• BUSINESS: BAOBAB FUND