Transcript IRRIGATION AND WATER SUPPLY SECTOR

Irrigation and Water Supply
sector
By Nicolas Rivière
LRRD Project
General features
• Understanding water sector /resource with
Relief
Rehabilitation
Development
Rapid access to water
(+ more social, environmental and financial considerations)
Better mobilization and
management of the water
• Division of the sector
Water management
Irrigation
Water conservation
Water supply and sanitation
(in rural areas)
Infrastructures
rehabilitation
modernization
or construction
Water/schemes
Management
Construction
of water points
Operation &
maintenance
Organization of the sector
at the local level
Towards central level
Government:
MRRD – MEW/ID – MAAHF
+ political authorities
External
aid agencies
NGO – UN – consulting
firms
Communities
Private sector
as subcontractor
Institutional reforms
and policy making:
Which impact at the field level?
• Setting up of the reforms; dissemination, understanding
and ownership of the new policies or regulation
documents : weak (Irrigation and WM); better (WS)
• Few contribution of the NGO’s and other field operators
in the past and current steps; Special case of WS;
• Lack of normative framework documents (strategies,
laws, regulations, guidelines…) to harmonize, guide,
regulate the work of field operators
• Insufficient link of NGO’s to the line ministries at the
central level;
Understanding the context and its
evolution
1. Context analysis (→ policy)
2. Needs analysis (→ strategy and planning)
3. Project diagnostic (needs and impact assessment; design)
-
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Lack of understanding: indigenous knowledge and practices, and context
reality not enough taken into account …
No common understanding and approaches between major stakeholders
Research (applied): insufficient, late in relation to the policy making; with
few link with operational issues; isolated approach…
Lack for circulation, centralization and common management of
(standardized) information into data base for monitoring and planning;
Lack of capitalization and communication of field/project experience
Lack of capacities (time, expertise, human resources…) from NGO’s and
government agencies for proper project assessment in relation to more
complex and larger projects with more environmental, social and financial
implications;
Lack of time and funds invested, and sequencing between research /
overall work of analysis and interventions …
Role and place
of the NGO
Reduction of the scope of intervention towards
software related works
(within mostly large and government programs)
 Community mobilization, awareness raising and capacity
strengthening of communities;
 Research work (in support to both operational and institutional levels)
 Other software needs (education, extension work…)
 Capacity strengthening of the government (trainings, data-base…)
 Small scale water projects or assets creation … in complement to
large governmental programs
Role and place of the NGO (2)
Required means and evolution: some ideas
 Better integration within the institutional framework and
link with line ministries
 Collaboration/consortium setting with specialized
institutions
 Adaptation to new management style within the multi
actors environment and within this new role of facilitation
towards communities;
 Efforts on capitalization and transfer of information
Issues at stake
(for discussion)
• Which type of approach? Sectoral approach versus livelihood (or food
•
security) approach; Considering individual, community or inter
communities?; combination of top/down and bottom/up approaches; NSP
case study; Standardization of the aid;
Development strategy in irrigation? Dominant rehabilitation /
infrastructures approach; juxtaposition of different approaches;
• Economical/farming development in relation to the required water
resource…; comprehensive approach and collaboration inter stakeholders;
• Infrastructure oriented behaviors from water users (…and donors
and government): Which place for the water management? Building the
•
•
capacity and the awareness at the community level : utmost priority
Operation and maintenance of the developed or rehabilitated
infrastructures or assets; ownership and sustainability?
Large, complex and development projects: Which relevance in the
afghan fragile context, and are the implementing agencies and other
stakeholders’ capacities sufficient?