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Center for Nanotechnology in Society at University of California, Santa Barbara (NSEC # SES 0531184) PIs: Barbara Herr Harthorn, Richard P. Appelbaum, Bruce Bimber, W. Patrick McCray, Christopher Newfield University of California, Santa Barbara IRG 1 – Origins, Institutions, and Communities (McCray) examines instrumentation, research CNS Mission IRG 2 – Innovation, Intellectual Property (Newfield) develops a comprehensive understanding communities, scientists’ careers, national and state policy, and the role of public imagination. of processes of innovation, commercialization, and global development and diffusion of nanotechnology. Examine the emergence and societal implications of nanotechnologies with a focus on the global human condition in a time of sustained technological innovation. Promote the socially and environmentally sustainable development of nanotechnologies in the US and around the globe. Semiconductor Technologies & the Road to Nanoelectronics • develop a portfolio of integrated multi-method research on nanoscience/nanotechnologies in dynamic interaction with society, from invention to global distribution, and lab to consumer to environment; • Development of thin-film (MBE) technology and semiconductor roadmaps of the mid-1980s • Survey about the interdisciplinary and multi-institutional collaboration process Institutions of Interdisciplinarity Meso level: The Nanoscale Innovation System • Understanding nano in the context of federally-funded interdisciplinary centers and the institutional transformation of university-government relationships since the 1970s • Origins of the NSECs, and interdisciplinarity in present-day nanoscale research at NNI sites Nanotechnology Oral History Project • 24+ oral histories, archived at the Chemical Heritage Foundation and/or the Center for History of Physics Survey Result H3:nanosacle researchers find collaboration to be productive . . . But more so inside the discipline • Patent analysis of quantum dots, on research lineages and commercial uptake Macro level: Technology Transfer Policy Alan G. MacDiarmid (1927 - 2007) University of Pennsylvania Nobel Prize, 2000 • Limits of “transfer” paradigm at the nanoscale • Interviews with licensing officials and PIs • solar photovoltaic R&D case study (Nano)Technological Enthusiasm and the Public Imagination • The political and social context of exploratory/fringe technologies the researchers, futurists, and businesspeople working at the border between scientific fact and fiction in the 1970s/80s, and how we view modern technological utopias. Book in progress (Princeton Univ. Press) 200 Cultures of Innovation • Public culture and technology narratives, and narrative analysis of NNI-related public research discourse Number of QD and NC Patents Research Objectives Micro level: Nanoscale Laboratory Work issued patents pending apps 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 International • Australian National University • Beijing Institute of Tech., China • Cardiff University, Wales, UK • Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, France • Univ. of British Columbia, CA • Univ of East Anglia, UK • Univ. of Edinburgh, UK • Univ. of Sussex, UK • Venice International Univ, Italy http://cns.ucsb.edu community of nano scientists & engineers (NSE), social scientists, and educators, and to achieve broader impacts through engagement of diverse audiences in dialogue about nanotechnology and society. Speakers series Website Conferences and Workshops Blog NanoDays community events Weekly Clips Policy Presentations Formal Education Faculty PI • Interdisciplinary Research & Training Opportunities for Undergraduate and Graduate Students IRG - Graduate Research Fellowships in Social Science (5 annually) and Science & Engineering (4 annually) Soc Sci Sci/Engr Fellow - 8-week Summer Undergraduate Research Internships (4 community college & Fellow UCSB students annually) • 9 publications with Grad Fellow co-authors; 17 conference presentations • Professional development, travel funds, public engagement • Mentoring & training for 3 Postdoctoral Scholars • Curricula: CNS Seminar; 7 graduate & 8 undergrad courses with CNS content; NSF STS award for community college course development (with CNSI) • Exceeding diversity goals for student participants 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Nano-Meeter (science café) Newsletters Public Presentations Podcasts Distribution Database Media outreach Leaders from NGOs, government, the private sector, science and technology and academia met to discuss technology-based solutions in energy/environment, water, food security, and health issues. Participants were from the US, Europe, and Japan, three of the largest emerging economies (China, India, and Brazil) and other developing countries. Co-sponsored by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. http://nanoequity2009.cns.ucsb.edu IRG 3 – Nano Risk Perception and the Public Sphere (Harthorn) studies nanotech risk IRG 4 – Globalization (Appelbaum) develops a comprehensive understanding of global perception among experts and publics; media framing of nano risks; and methods for engaging diverse US publics in upstream deliberation about new technologies in society. development and diffusion of nanotechnology with an emphasis on E and S Asia. China’s Developmental State: Becoming a 21st Century Nanotech Leader Experts’ Views on the Benefits and Risks of Nanomaterials and Technologies • Rapid advances in Chinese nanotechnology due to: - high level of international collaboration - targeted governmental spending on nano-related R&D and commercialization • Expert interviews with nanoscale scientists and engineers, nanotoxicologists, regulators; nanotox publication analysis; co-funding by NSF UC CEIN for 2009 study of industry views on environmental risks Public Deliberation about Nanotechnology R&D • Comparative US and UK deliberation on energy and health applications—both US & UK positive re: energy apps. • New Study on Gender and Risk - 6 US workshops vary groups by both gender and energy & health apps. Nanotechnology & Sustainable Development: Comparative Study of India & China Comparison of US and CN Nano Sci Lit Articles, 1988-2007 14000 12000 number of articles, US number of articles, CN 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Emergent Public Perceptions of Benefits and Risks 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 United States • Chemical Heritage Foundation • Duke University • Quinnipiac University • Rice University • SUNY Levin Institute • SUNY New Paltz • UC Berkeley • UC Los Angeles • Univ of Washington • Univ of Wisconsin, Madison CNS Tools for Outreach & Engagement Role of International Collaboration in Fostering High-Impact Chinese Nano Research • Quantitative meta-analysis of 17 published surveys in US, Canada, Europe, Japan, 2002-2008 found benefit frame predominant but 44% “not sure” • What drives perception? US survey 2008 found benefit frame contingent on trust, affect & regulatory responsibility • Preliminary experimental UK study finds attitude polarization when given more information • Publication analysis: By 2007 China equaled or possibly surpassed the U.S. in terms of total output, with a substantial increase in publication rate beginning in 2003. Drivers of Nano commercialization in China: Patent Analysis 19 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL COLLABORATIONS Education and Public Engagement programs at CNS-UCSB aim to nurture an interdisciplinary Number of articles published • serve as a network hub in the emerging national and international network of scholars and activists concerned with nanotechnology in society. Year of Filing Year Chinese Nanotech Patent Applications 3500 Number of Applications • identify and dialogue with a wide array of public, media, government, NGO, and private sector constituents; 1989 • provide interdisciplinary training for a new generation of societallyattuned scientists and science-aware social scientists; 1988 0 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 The Nano Value Chain: Case study of a Chinese Solar Company Nano and the Media Agenda 35 • 3000 news stories since 2006 indicate no net increase of attention to nano, episodic coverage around federal agency action and expert reports. • LexisNexis vs. Google News: substantial differences in search results 30 By Kenneth Chang, Wednesday, May 21, 2008 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year 2008-2009 Highlights • 38 publications, 69 presentations 15 Nanotubes May Pose Health Risks Similar to Asbestos 2001 25 Regulation • Content analysis revealed four dominant frames in US newspaper coverage: Progress, Regulation, Conflict, and Generic Risk • Testing theoretical framework combining cognitive bias, anchoring effects, and framing In Study, Researchers Find 2000 Annual Number of Stories in 10 Largest US Newspapers by Frame Type 20 Framing of Nanotechnology 1999 Conflict Generic Risk • Presentations to US Congressional Nanotechnology Caucus (Harthorn), US-China Economic & Security Commission (Appelbaum), UK House of Lords (Pidgeon) 10 Progress 5 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 • 2008 Conference: CNS/CNSI Educators Workshop - Undergraduate courses that integrate nano & society, Sept. 10-12, 2008, UCSB 2007